The Effects of Video Games on Children - 1288 Words

The Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games has instigated a debate among parents, re searchers, video game producers, and policymakers concerning potential harmful effects of video games on children.† Currently, in The Bahamas you can normally see laptops and gaming consoles at home, community†¦show more content†¦Games such as Kinect adventures or Wii sports are great for children because it encourages them to be active while spending time with family and friends. However, video games can have a negative impact on children. Several video games encourage children to kill and fight enemies. Violence is life threatening and is a devastating theme of many video games today. Violent games such as Grand theft auto, Halo and Doom promote things like killing and violence of people, criminal behavior, disrespect for the law, and obscene language. Parents can even buy game controllers that look like a real gun for their children and may not think that it’s a big deal. This is sending the message to children that it is ok to play with guns. David Walsh in an article â€Å"National Institute on Media and the Family† stated â€Å"Children are more likely to imitate the actions of a character with whom they identify. In violent video games the player is often required to take the point of view of the shooter or perpetrator.† Video games are making violence look cool toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Word s   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVide o Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Video Games We see it everywhere we go, video games. Kids and adults are being captivated over the new video games that are coming out. Call of Duty, Battlefield,Uncharted; these are the games that people are enjoying and becoming fascinated with. What do all of those things have in common? There is only one answer and that is violence. Fighting, shooting, killing, these are the things that video games bring to the table and stimulate people s minds. We should ask ourselves whether

Introduction . The Prevalence, Affects, And Types Of Stigma

Introduction The prevalence, affects, and types of stigma and stigmatization felt by American gang members is an under researched topic in the social sciences. While daily experiences in and social understanding of American culture illustrate that gang membership is a stigmatized identification the research to support that notion is sorely absent from the greater conversation on gangs, stigma, and violence in our communities. In an attempt to understand how stigma directly affects gang affiliated men this report attempts to analyze different elements that directly connect to these men in hopes of creating an understanding of the stigma that gang involved men feel. These topics are social stigma, a sense of belonging, and the influence of†¦show more content†¦The hypothesis states that belonging holds two foundational elements the first, there is a need for frequent, affectively pleasant interactions with a few other people and second these interactions must take place in th e context of a temporally stable and enduring framework of affective concern for each other s welfare (Baumeister Leary, 1996). Gangs commonly fulfill these two elements. Burnett states that a gangs, formation and maintenance are based on its members’ bared experience of estrangement from traditional social systems and on the security (emotional and physical) that membership provides(McMillan Chavis) (Burnett, 1999) . The gang s acceptance of the man and the subsequent sense of family satisfies the need for affectively pleasant interactions (McMillan Chavis, 1986), and the desire for protection (Regan) and the ability of gangs to provide such protection secures a man s sense that his welfare is a concern of those with whom he feels acceptance. As Baumsiester and Leary s article illustrates belonging is so necessary to personal happiness that those who experience social isolation are bared from experiencing high levels of happiness (Baumeister Leary). While gang membershi p might not provide happiness in the traditional sense they do quench the human need to belong. This need for acceptance and belonging is only further aggregated through unstable and dangerous Early ChildhoodShow MoreRelatedStigma Of Hiv And Aids918 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction With the recent passing of World AIDS day on December 1st, 2015, which followed Charlie Sheen’s recent disclosure of him being HIV-positive, revealed sad realties about society’s relations to HIV and AIDS. So it seems opportune that this paper shed some light on the issue of stigma in relation to HIV and AIDS. This paper supports the notions that although stigma around HIV status has come a long way since its inception as an infectious disease in the 1980s, HIV stigma has not yet comeRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health968 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in mental health system is deep rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mental illnessRead MorePrevalence Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Between Europe And North America1097 Words   |  5 PagesGH 456 Final Project Outline Gwendolyn Tjandra Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder between Europe and North America I. Introduction ( page) a. What is ADHD i. A disorder commonly diagnosed in children. ii. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – a condition with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (affects the way you focus). iii. A behavioral disorder that affects 1 in 20 children in the USA. iv. Those with ADHD differ in balance of â€Å"neurotransmitters†Read MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1095 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in the mental health system is deeply rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mentalRead MoreMaternal Depression On Child Wellbeing And Development1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction During the last two decades, researchers have intensified their efforts to expand the findings about paternal perinatal depression. The study conducted by Goodman in 2004, has shown that the postpartum depression’s prevalence among fathers varied from 1.2% to 25% in the population sample. Furthermore, these percentages rose to achieve 24 to 50 per cent when the paternal postpartum depression was associated with maternal postpartum depression. The literature review and studies assertedRead MoreThe Origins Of Schizophrenia, And Greek And Latin Texts Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction History. Some of the earliest evidence of schizophrenia were seen in the Bible, and Greek and Latin texts. In the Bible, people were accused of being demonically possessed or holy based on the visions they saw (if visions involved Jesus). In Greek mythology, individuals were said to be punished by the Gods of they had symptoms of schizophrenia. Between years 1450-1830 in Europe, and North and South America, people were accused of being witches; similarly, in France, people were thoughtRead MoreChapter II : Literature Review Essay2609 Words   |  11 PagesLiterature Review Introduction The transgender community faces many life challenges that the general population do not encounter. This challenges impact all aspects of the individual’s life, including social economic status, increase risk factors for HIV and other diseases, a decrease in health care access, etc†¦ These challenges deter the transgender community for accessing health care services at the same rate as the general population. The minority stress model helps examine the impact of stigma on the levelRead MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus and it causes the immune system to become weak. As a result, this causes the body to be terrible at protecting itself against diseases and other viruses. HIV causes damage by harming the immune cells in the body. The immune cells it affects are called CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, which are vital for fighting infections in the body. HIV metamorphose the CD4+T cells into little factories that cause the product ion of more of the virus to destroy other healthy cells, which eventually destroysRead MoreCounseling Adults With Eating Disorder1643 Words   |  7 Pages Counseling Adults with Eating disorder Merlene Lewis THE College of New Rochelle Professor Martinez Theory and counselling Introduction Objective: To describe eating patterns, eating behaviors, to highlight some of the problem people face when dealing with an illness or a disorder, adult struggle more from eating disorder. Some reason why it is more difficult is because of work, taking care of their house whole and family; this illness is a relentless pursuit of thinness, a misrepresentationRead MoreSociological Impact Of Obesity : The Individual, Economy, And The Condition Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pageshealthcare; â€Å"the medical costs of obesity in United States are high. In 2008 dollars, these costs were estimated to be $147 billion† (CDC, Overweight and Obesity Facts). Obesity also takes an emotional toll on the individual as well. There are certain stigmas that come from being obese. People with obesity are victims of negative and hateful actions every day. Research has revealed that, â€Å"individuals who experience weight stigmatization have higher rates of depression, anxiety, social isolation, an d poorer

Free Education in Europe Free Essays

HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Free Education in Europe Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Education in Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. o. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education. Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education. Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. We have several programs like PhD, Masters, Bachelors in various subjects like Arts, BioTech, Sciences, Commerce, Chemistry, Business, Design, IT, Management, Engineering, Biology, Computer Science, Physics, Earth Agriculture, Health Sciences etc. vailable in countries like Germany / Sweden/ Norway / Belgium / France etc. These programs are available for Free (No Tuition Fee) or at a very subsidized fee structure and the medium of instructions is English. The standard duration for all Master degree programs are 2 years, Bachelors are for 3 years. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart . co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages available in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like: Schengen Visa Liberty to, move around almost entire Europe without Visa constraints. English Advantage All MNC’s working there or European MNC’s, working in English speaking countries always prefer employees who can speak English. Extended Visa You get a 1 year extension after completion of your studies to find employment. Employment Opportunities All these countries are prime business nations and facing negative population growth, so chances of getting employment after studies are even higher than US/ India/ Aus / Canada. Work Permit Secure an Employment immediately get a 3 yrs work permit. Safe Secure Most of these countries have a crime rate of almost zero. Prosperity These countries have almost 100% literacy as well as per capita income higher than even US. Credentials, ECTS Education Standards All the qualifications are world-wide recognized and acceptable. All European syllabuses are now based on ECTS (European Credit Transfer System). One can change Universities without losing credits. European standards are very high and their integration of Education with practical application are very advantageous. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages available in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like: Development Most of these countries are technologically very advanced and their infrastructures are better than the best. Living Indian students can find it cheaper than US/ Canada/ UK if they stay in groups prepare own food. Part time work At most places part time work is allowed up to 20 hrs/ week. Permanent Settlement Settlement options are possible at most European Countries after completion of a certain period on Work Permit. No SAT/ GRE / GMAT SAT / GRE/ GMAT are not required for most of the programs. Although, IELTS or TOEFL is desired for most of the English programs. Language – Drawback or another Advantage? Almost every country in Europe has it’s own language, which takes some time to understand. One can take this as an opportunity to learn a new language. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Living Expenses An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Indian students who live in groups and prepare their own food can survive in Euro 300 to Euro 500 per month. Students who live independently may have to spend Euro 500 to Euro 750 per month. Why Study in Sweden / Germany? No Tuition Fees for most courses. Now many courses are available in English. Internship opportunities are available in Multi National Companies. All courses are recognized worldwide including India. Flexible approaches to studies. Schenegen visa opens the doors for all European countries. Great opportunity to save money. No Visa Hassles. Visa Conditions are relatively very easy. Very low living expenses (approx. 300 Euro/ month) Part Time Jobs are available. (up to 20 hrs. / week) Good career prospects, ample placement opportunities. Hundreds of course options available. Ph. D. opportunities are available after PG. All Universities in German, Sweden, Finland, France, Belgium, Norway are almost equally ranked the courses have recognition worldwide. Fields of study †¢Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Aeronautical, Automobile many more) †¢MBA (Finance, International Business, European Asian Bus. Mgmt, Supply Chain Mgmt. ) †¢Public Health, Medical Engineering, Medicine †¢Environmental Science, Bio Technology †¢Economics, Law †¢Natural Sciences †¢Social Cultural Studies, Psychology †¢Agricultural Forestry, Regional Planning Note : MBA some other programs are normally paid programs or available in German Language. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Entry requirements for admission Minimum First Division Marks English Proficiency: TOEFL (213) or IELTS (6. 0) Language Proficiency for Undergraduate Programs First come first serve basis Documents requirement for application (10 sets) Updated Resume Photographs (10 nos. ) Transcripts (Final year) Mark sheets (10th onwards) An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Letter of recommendations (2/3) Certificates / Diploma / Degree (10th onwards) -Original-sealed stamped -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -On letterhead (Original-sealed TOEFL / GRE / GMAT Score cards (if available) Other Academic Photocopies (if any) Final year Project summary (for Engineers) Work Experience Certificates (if any) Monthly Living Expenses Food Accommodation Health Insurance Transport etc. Total monthly expenses Earning Potential Work allowed Minimum per hour wages Loans – stamped by individual faculty/ employer) -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -Computer Printout -Notarized Photocopies 00 Euros / month 150 Euros / month (sharing basis) 50 Euros / month 50 Euros / month 400 Euros approx. 20 hrs / week 6 –8 euros Can be availed from nationalized banks @ 10. 75% to 12. 00% p. a. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified O rganization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Highlights Students can travel in and around the European Union on the Schengen Visa. Students can stay for 1 year (or 2 years) after their course of study to find work. European Union’s new policy encourages Indian manpower for Immigration. Education standards are at par with World’s best education standards. European Institutions funds all prospective research scholars. HeadStart – Germany / Sweden / Belgium / Norway – Education Package 1. Counseling for Course Selection 2. Professional Counseling for Future prospects 3. Application to Universities (3 to 10) 4. Document arrangement for Application 5. Guidance for preparing SOP, Resume, LOR 6. Visa File Preparation, Assistance Guidance 7. Assistance to avail Study Loan, Medical Insurance, International Bank A/c. Air Ticket, Foreign Currency 8. Post Landing Services (Subject to availability) 9. IELTS/ TOEFL Coaching Program* 10. GRE/ GMAT Training Program* 11. German/ Swedish/ Italian/ French Language Training* Under Graduate Programs Under Graduate Programs (English Medium) Under Graduate Programs (Medical) Master’s / Diploma Programs MBA / Masters (English Medium ) Programs Ph. D. Programs :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) * We charge Euro 1000 as Advance payment for all programs. Training / Coaching Fees not included. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. FAQ on Education in Germany / Europe – General †¢ What are the different types of Universities in Europe? For studying in Europe can choose between universities and universitystatus institutions, such as the technical universities, or the Fachhochschule institutions, or the colleges of art, music and film. All state-maintained higher education institutions are open to students of all nations. Which European Universities are Reputed? Its a difficult to answer this question, there is no specific ranking system. Some magazines like Spiegel in Germany publish university ratings every year, the other one I know is from HUMBOLDT. †¢ When is the deadline for applying? There are two semesters Winter Summer. So, depending on the University the session either in winter or summer. Hence plan to apply before one year of your desired starting time. †¢ How much is the Tuition fee? Until now there was no tuition fee in Germany/ Sweden / Norway/ Belgium/ Finland, now government and universities have decided to collect tuitions fees (some Universities still have no tuition fees at all) varying from 500 Euros till 2500 Euros per semester depending on course, university etc. So please check respective universities for complete information. Normally, Under Graduate English medium programs carry a tuition fee ranging between Euro 2000 to Euro 12000 p. a. †¢ Do I need TOEFL or GRE Score? Usually not, but some universities may ask TOEFL/ IELTS for English competence. However, GMAT / GRE are generally not required. What is the medium of Instruction? It can be in English or in German. Mostly, undergraduate programs are in German Language. But at PG level, most programs are now available in English. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. †¢ Do I need German / Swedish / French language? If not for education (depending on whether medium of instruction is in Regional Language or English) for social life I believe one should definitely learn basic Regional language. †¢ Where do I learn German / French / Swedish language? It is always advisable to study German Language in Germany as it is easier and faster to grasp the language there. HeadStart arranges language training (paid) to all students. †¢ How much is the living expenses? Depending on the city the costs vary though on an average 400-500 Euros per month should be sufficient. 200 – 250 Euros House Rent + 60 Euros Insurance + 100 Euros Food + 50 Misc. ). The figures given are rough estimate it can vary depending on the city / person etc. †¢ Can I work as a Student? Yes, up to 18 /20 hours per week, and up to 2 months full time Including doing 3 months full time job as a student per year. But one needs to get work permit for working as a student. Part time student job fetches about 8 to 10 Euro per hour. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart How to cite Free Education in Europe, Essay examples

Sample Essay on Chinese Business Structure

Question- Discuss the unique characteristics of the Chinese business structure? INTRODUCTION Porter in the 2008 defines strategy as the development of valuable and unique position that involves various activities. After 2001, when China joined the World Trade Organization, the business environment of China had changed drastically. It has reduced the international market entry barriers which further have helped to improve the business operations of the Chinese MNCs in the international market. The CEO of Haier Group Zhang Ruimin said that is any organization wants to address the challenges of the multinational companies of international market then it is very important to become a multinational company yourself first. He further says that the in order to dance with the wolves its important to become a wolf first otherwise there is chance of getting eaten up. The Chinese business is becoming dynamic in nature. It is experiencing changes both economically and politically. Economically they are changing due to the rules implemented by WTO (World Trade Organization). Politically it is experiencing transition due to development and implementation of economic and social policies and the leaders power which is helping in restructuring the leadership structure in the Chinese MNC s(Xiaomei 2009). This essay will analyze the unique characteristics of the Chinese MNCs that prove them to be successful in the competitive market. The purpose of the essay will be met by understanding the characteristics that Lenovo and Haier Group follow to be successful Chinese MNCs. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA From past 30 years the country China is changing drastically. The social life and the economic market of China had undergone various transformations since 1978. The country has accomplished various changes in short time unlike other countries of the world. They are also focusing on the strategies that can be learnt and implemented from other countries to develop the country. Constant prior to China opened up to the world, the government started emphasizing to plan their arrival to the center of economy of the world. The government realized that the world is changing drastically and thus the Chinese business need to take immediate steps to avoid some mistakes. Thus the State has started developing and implementing various policies and reforms to support advancement for people and the enterprise by monitoring on their outward and inward investments. The PEST analysis will help to understand the changes that the Chinese Market is undergoing and also help to comprehend the strategies that Lenovo and Haier Group is implementing to be the successful giants in China. PEST ANALYSIS Politics Since the year 1983, China started forming strong bonds with other nations of the world so that they can contribute in the modernization process of China. They focused on seeking support from the developed countries that could give access to the loans and also the financial institutions of the international market and also FDI (Foreign direct investment). They also emphasized on education training, business trade, technology, science and management. Since 1998 the country had experienced a happy and stable period by building strong relationships. Even after facing the financial crisis in the year 2008, China is developing a nationalistic pride through the success of economy even with the struggle of Western countries. The country, China is focusing on the development and growth by building strong relationships (Shambaugh 2013, pp. 47-52). Economic In the year 1971, the moment Mao Zedong started opening China, he immediately took interest in having greater access to the economic assistance and western technology (Afe.easia.columbia.edu 2014). Since the year 1977-2000, the overall trade of China has increased from USD$20billion-USD$475billion (Focusweb.org 2014). The FDI of China had also increased by USD$10billion in the year 1992. In the year 1993, through the support of FDI, the production volume of China has increased, there is an improvement in the efficiency of the productivity, increase in the use o upgraded technology and also high range of manufactured goods. After China joined the WTO their aggregate exchange expanded at a much more great velocity. They surpassed one nation after the other in positioning until they at long last surpassed Germany in 2009 to turn into the second biggest exchanging economy on the planet. They had an aggregate exchange of USD$ 2,208 billion (Das 2012). Social Hofstede analyzes culture under five dimensions: short or long term orientation, collectivism Vs individualism, power distance, feminine Vs Masculine, uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede 2010). The power distance cultural score of China is high as the Chinese people have a tendency to acknowledge disparities in the society and go behind a leader with moderately little protest. The impact of Confucius on Chinese society further produces a long term introduction and Chinese individuals are along these lines additionally tolerating to extra assets and contribute towards a long-term objective. Chinese society is additionally more manly than ladylike. This implies that they are more achievement situated and determined to the degree that they will yield their recreation time and family time for their work. Moreover, the way of Chinese individuals is that they are collectivistic and therefore act in light of a legitimate concern for the gathering, and not just themselves. Thus, the group, wheth er it be colleagues, community or family, is more vital than the association then again initiate. At last, Chinese society scores low on vulnerability shirking, which implies that they can endure the obscure and adjust to changes genuinely simple (Geert-hofstede.com 2014). Technological Innovation through Research and Development in China is the most carried process to increase the FDI of China. The Chinese business is focusing on joint ventures with the Western companies to improve innovation and also technology. Around 50 MNCs like Intel, Microsoft, IBM etc has their RD centers in China which emphasize on utilizing the skills of local talents for innovating and developing latest technologies. Even large MNCs like Lenovo, Huawei and Haier have established R D centers in western countries to take advantage from their technological advancements, research capability and knowledge in developing their products (Liu and White 2001). UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE BUSINESS Chinese MNCs, classified as technology based and expertise peculiarities, access to home nation assets, and gimmicks of cultural closeness. Chinese MNCs may have a specific mastery in overseeing huge, complex markets, for example, infrastructures projects in telecom industry. Also, multinational undertakings with a Western foundation have a tendency to be accomplished in working in steady markets with transparent regulation and feeble government impact. As opposed to that, Chinese firms are likely more equipped for managing troublesome regulation and exploring around murky political obligations, given their more prominent involvement with such institutional gimmicks. Such encounters may put Chinese firms questionable in a finer position than numerous other non-Chinese firms (Morck, Yeung and Zhao 2008). Chinese MNCs have basically market seeking, technology seeking, strategic asset seeking, diversification seeking, resource seeking. Chinese MNCs are to this degree some piece of worldwide business endeavors. The customary hypothesis on multinational endeavors offers profitable instruments to break down their exercises. On the other hand, the specific Chinese attributes in this procedure are eye-getting and make the rise of Chinese MNCs an exceptional sensation. It is getting to be progressively evident that the most paramount contrasts in the middle of Chinese and Western MNCs going global are not found in their inspirations yet in the uncommon qualities of their nation of origin as far as assets and the Chinese institutional and social connection. In advancing years, we will see whether these distinctions constitute a transitory feature of Chinese firms until they can completely contend globally or whether the hypothesis of multinational endeavors must adjust to consider these quali ties as continuous components of multinational undertakings' inspirations and systems (Andersson and Wang 2011). Home market qualities likewise assume an imperative part for Chinese organizations. In a more extensive viewpoint, all far reaching government impedance with the exercises of firms may be seen as a component of home nation exercises. In China, for instance, organizations that have been assigned as "national champions" will get the legislature help important to beat their late-nearing drawback universally. This can incorporate monetary help and political impedance. At last, social closeness in a more extensive sense constitutes a clarification for interests in different socially proximate locales, be it genuine, physical nearness or saw vicinity because of a comparable society. These variables may take the capacity of an entryway opener and catalyser for business improvement (Gugler 2014). CHINESE GIANTS AND THEIR BUSIESS STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS The companies chosen to understand the unique characteristics of Chinese business further are Lenovo and Haier. Both the MNCs are China based companies in high-tech industry which stanch from the state owned enterprises and then transformed into private enterprise. Through their clever management and expertise they are able to manage the highest position in China. Both the companies have strong foundation in the Chinese market and easily fight with their international competitors. They do this by investing more on their research and development, building effective human resource to meet the expectations of the customers and also strong technological base. Due to their innovative strategies the companies are able to achieve the needs of the customers and also develop their brand in China. Lenovo Business strategy Initially Lenovo was known as Legend. In 2003, they changed the name by introducing go-global policy. Thus they decided to keep the Le as it is and change gend with Novo which means new. Initially in 1990s Lenovo never had competitors as they there was not much demand of PCs. The moment government permitted the PC manufacturers to compete and the global manufacturers to dominate the market of China, Lenovo started focusing on the production of PCs rather than diversifying their product line according to the need of the customers. The moment Lenovo received their license they started focusing on the utilizing the latest technology to produce their product, this was one of the unique strategy that Lenovo utilized to sell their products in the Chinese Market. Thus they began producing the products based on the need of the Chinese customers. For instance, they pioneered Language Solution to PCs in Chinese. They immediately developed the image as TechnologyIntense producer. Apart from thi s, since the international brands paid less attention towards the differentiation of product in China, Lenovo emphasized on various market segment starting from large enterprises to small businesses and also individual customers. Even Lenovo focused on their pricing strategy, the prices of their PCs were 2/3rd lower of their international competitors. In the year 2004, Lenovo acquired IBM as they had already reached 30% of market share in China. Acquiring IBM would have helped the organization to grow further and improve their ability by seeking new market and needs. Later on when they recognized that they lacked in their recognition of brand, they decided to follow to paths one is make new strategies and grow by themselves and the other was by using acquisition process. To generate growth Lenovo also focused on commercial clients instead of consumer clients. In China the organization is well known for operational efficiency and also cost control. They started producing IT services and also mobile phones to meet the need of their customers. Management style The corporate culture of Lenovo focuses on The Lenovo Way, which means that the work that is done in the organization focuses on 5Ps like pioneering, planning, performing, practicing and prioritizing. Lenovo develops on the ownership with the capability for efforts to be rewarded and recognized. The ownership culture in the organization causes the employees to be committed towards the goals of the organization and also strengthen the teams in the organization to perform better. Lenovo also focused on providing various opportunities and also career paths to retain the talented employees. The organization also introduced the bonus program which also enables the employees to be committed towards the organization. Lenovo management also introduced the College Graduate Programme to develop the leaders of the organization and also changes their language to English so that all the employees can easily understand and contribute towards the success of the organization. Lastly, the diverse wor kforce has made the organization uniquely polycentric. R D Innovation Since Lenovo began their story as a twist off of a research foundation, their prosperity is an impact of effective utilization of RD and advancement. Amid the 1980s, they were focused on delivering motherboards and extra cuts to reinforce their capacity even before they were permitted. Amid their improvement on the Chinese advertise in the 1990s, they were focused on delivering imaginative answers for the Chinese client. They put RMB 1.8 billion in latest technologies in 2000 that check the start of new inventive abilities. They have 8 research centers in China, 3 in Beijing and 1 in Japan. Their global vicinity makes them equipped for rapidly react to different business sector and behavior of the consumer changes (Xie and White 2004). Haier Business Strategies Haier mainly produces white products like wine coolers, washing machines, air conditioners and refrigerators. The main strategic choice of Haier is to gain the trust of the employees by investing on their comfort level an also salaries. To emphasize on the quality of the products Haier produces, the organization partnered with the refrigerator producer of Germany Liebherr in the year 1985. This helped them to learn about the structure, control and quality process. Through their brand name they were not only gaining the trust of the local market consumers but also the international market. Another unique strategy that led to the success of Haier Group is the implementation of the effective quality management system to give the market a quality based product (khg.edu.vn 2012). Haier, then again, chose to practice on fridges furthermore executed quality administration to guarantee high caliber on every item. They went for the top further bolstering accomplish good fortune over rivalry. Thusly, they likewise actualized models in administration, ability maintenance and corporate society. Strict quality regulations evidentially raised the quality standard of the items and subsequently the brand. Subsequently, they picked up the client's trust and had the capacity assemble their prosperity on that (Haier.net 2014). Haier group emphasized on two different business strategies one is generic strategies which is a continuum among the focused differentiation and differentiation instead of low price. Thus the organization has been focusing on developing innovative support systems that support both market and brand. Another strategy is the product-market strategy where the organization divided the strategy in three different phases one is the brand strategy where the organization focused on building strong reputation and credibility, then the diversification strategy which is all about developing unique products based on the need of the Chinese market which helped them to set up a strong brand image and lastly the unrelated diversification strategy which helped the organization to diversify in various other non-related industries like finance, IT, mobile, pharmaceutical etc (Muzi and Wong 2014). Management Style The corporate culture of Haier focuses on Clear, Control, Everyone and Overall which ensures that all the employees of the organization takes part in meet the daily targets of the organization. The CEO of Haiers Zhang Ruimin emphasized on interaction more with the production worker, showed gratitude by giving gifts and also investing on their facilities. This management style helped to build up trusts, loyalty and also respect towards the company and also leader. This strategy helped Haier to meet the needs of the customers easily and also focus on continual improvement. Even the encouragement to participate in the business process helps the organization to take the responsibility to make effective organizational profits and also allows everyone in the organization to innovate variety of products to meet the market demand. These values of Haier not only help to retain the talented employees but also help them to develop their future path (Ruimin 2014). RD Innovation Haier contributes somewhere around 3%-5% of its income on innovative work. Their systems are to ceaselessly ponder criticism and co-creation together with their clients. They have confidence in a company's capacity to adjust to changes in the business sector. Subsequently, the organization has diminished the development time of new products from 6-12 months to 17 hours to 3 months. This implies that they can be significantly more responsive towards business sector changes. In the event that they constantly utilize the client's recommendation they can likewise contend with their rivals through separation and wide item run. By including all workers currently item advancement implies that Haier can get data and input from different parts of the organization (Lin 2005). CONCLUSION In conclusion, after going through the secondary data from various academic journals, websites and books, the essay can be concluded by saying that the success story of Chinese MNCs lies in their innovative strategies. They offer benefits to their customers by effective partnership process with the western companies, investing in research and development and also utilizing the upgraded technology. It is observed that both the companies Haier and Lenovo are successful giants in the Chinese market due to their goal-oriented and technology differentiation. Even the support of the government which helped the Chinese firm to reduce the international entry barriers through the use of joint ventures has helped the organizations to grow in this competitive market effectively. However the organizations, Lenovo and Haier grew due to their effective management style. The management styles helped both the organization to understand the needs of the domestic and international customers and fulfil l their needs. REFERENCES Afe.easia.columbia.edu,. 2014. 'China's Foreign Policy: The Historical Legacy And The Current Challenge | Asia For Educators | Columbia University'. Andersson, Rebecka, and Jennie Wang. 2011. 'The Internationalization Process Of Chinese Mncs A Study Of The Motive For Chinese Firms To Enter Developed Countries'. Gupea.Ub.Gu.Se. Das, D.K. 2012. 'The Chinese Economy: A Rationalized Account Of Its Transition And Growth'. The Chinese Economy 45 (4): 7. Focusweb.org,. 2014. 'Can The Green Economy Solve ChinaS Development And Environment Challenges?'. Geert-hofstede.com,. 2014. 'China - Geert Hofstede'. Gugler, Philippe. 2014. 'How Are Chinese Multinational Enterprises Different? | VOX, CEPRS Policy Portal'. Voxeu.Org. Haier.net,. 2014. 'Strategy | About Haier | Haier Group'. Hofstede, Geert. 2010. 'Geert Hofstede'. National Cultural Dimensions. khg.edu.vn,. 2012. 'Haier Startegies'. Lin, Thomas W. 2005. 'OEC Management-Control System: Helps China Haier Group Achieve Competitive Advantage'. Msbfile03.Usc.Edu. Liu, X., and S. White. 2001. 'Comparing Innovation Systems: A Framework And Application To ChinaS Transnational Context'. Research Policy 30 (7): 1091-1114. Morck, Randall, Bernard Yeung, and Minyuan Zhao. 2008. 'Perspectives On China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment'. Journal Of International Business Studies 39 (3): 337--350. Muzi, HE, and KC Wong. 2014. 'An Analytical Study On Strategic Management Of Haier.'. Journal Of Contemporary Management 3 (2). Porter, Michael E. 2008. 'The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy'. Harvard Business Review 86 (1): 25--40. Ruimin, Zhang. 2014. 'Raising Haier'. Harvard Business Review. Shambaugh, David L. 2013. China Goes Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Xiaomei, E. 2009. 'China's WTO Accession And Sustainable Development: Challenges And Policy Responses'. Journal Of World Trade 43 (3): 541. Xie, Wei, and Steven White. 2004. 'Sequential Learning In A Chinese Spin-Off: The Case Of Lenovo Group Limited'. RD Management 34 (4): 407--422.

Hunters in the Snow free essay sample

â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† 1. Discuss the way Tub is presented in the opening scene. Does your assessment of his character change in the later scenes? The character of Tub was presented in the opening scene as someone who would not stand up for himself and was willing to be ridiculed and made fun of to be part of a group. He allowed his friends to take advantage of him by making him wait over an hour in the cold and snow, accepting this behavior without even an apology. Tub was a character with low self esteem and was embarrassed of his weight, which allows him to make excuses and lie to everyone. The assessment of Tub did not change at the end of the story. He was still the same character as in the beginning. He moved up in his position as friend to Frank which made him feel better, but at the expense of Kenny’s health. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunters in the Snow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tub still had low self esteem, but he ended up acting as selfish as Frank. Chapter 2 – â€Å"How I Met My Husband† 4. Is Edie a sympathetic character? How does her status as â€Å"the hired girl† affect the way you respond to her as a reader? Edie was a sympathetic character. Her self-described title â€Å"the hired girl† affects the reader’s response as it portrays her with low self esteem. She comes across as not fitting in because she was not in the same social standing as Dr. and Mrs. Peebles. The reader becomes sympathetic with Edie compared to the other characters due to her being a simple girl, humble and naive. Edie’s status as the â€Å"hired girl† makes the reader respond more affectionately towards her. She comes across as very relatable, someone who was not as confident or poised as Mrs. Peebles, but as the reader continues through the story, they realize how strong and capable Edie had become. Chapter 2 – â€Å"Eveline† 3. At just about the middle of the story (end of paragraph 9), Eveline sums up her life in Dublin. â€Å"It was hard work-a hard life-but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life. † What about it makes it attractive to her? The way Eveline sums up her life in Dublin. â€Å"It was hard work-a hard life-but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life. † Eveline was having a fear of the unknown. Even though she could not describe herself as happy in her life, at least it was familiar, and many parts are comforting to her. Even as hard as her life was, she was torn about leaving her family, her abusive father, and the comfort of the home she’s always known. She remembers how life used to be before her mother’s passing. Though she believed she would have a good life with Frank and would be respected as his wife. Chapter 3 – â€Å"Everyday Use† 6. Is Dee wholly unsympathetic? Is the mother’s victory over her altogether positive? What emotional ambivalence is there in the final scene between Maggie and her mother in the yard? The character of Dee was not totally unsympathetic. She was written with an attitude of being better than her mother and sister; she also came across as a character that just wanted a better life than the one she had growing up. Her mother should want her daughters to strive for a better life than the one she had. The mother’s victory over Dee cannot be viewed as totally positive. There are some positive aspects such as the mother finally standing up for her other daughter, but it can’t be viewed as totally positive when a mother hurts her daughter’s feelings. Chapter 3 – â€Å"The Story of an Hour† . Describe the plot structure of this brief story. How does the surprise ending relate to the story’s theme? The newspaper office reported that Mr. Mallard died in a train accident and it was reported to Mrs. Mallard sister Josephine. She broke the news of the tragedy to her sister as gently as possible, since Mrs. Mallard had a heart condition. M rs. Mallard filled with despair headed to her room to grieve the death of her husband. As she sat gazing out the window she had a sense of freedom and she realized she was a free woman, able to do whatever she wanted to do. Focusing on her future freedoms she was interrupted at the door by her husband. There had been a mix up and Mr. Mallard was nowhere near the train accident. Mrs. Mallard’s heart condition could not take the weight of change and she passed away. Chapter 4 – â€Å"The Darling† 1. Identify the theme of â€Å"The Darling. † How do Olenka’s several relationships with male characters help to elucidate the theme? The theme of â€Å"The Darling† tells of a woman named Olenka that changes her interest every time she falls madly in love with a new man. This gives the reader the perception that she cannot form an opinion on her own. The behavior leaves Olenka distraught every time a man leaves her life. Olenka’s relationship between her first and second husband helps elucidate the theme. Olenka’s first husband Ivan Petrovich loved the theater which meant Olenka loved the theater. When Olenka married her second husband Vassitchka he did not enjoy the theater. His opinion became Olenka’s opinion. She then had the belief that she did not have time for the nonsense of theater. Chapter 4 – â€Å"A Worn Path† . Write a precise, well-developed sentence that states as fully as possible the theme of the story. Remember to avoid cliches or oversimplification. Phoenix Jacksons faint mind and physical structure was no obstruction to the insurmountable love she felt toward her grandson. Phoenix demonstrated this on numerous occasions throughout the story. Her absolute purpose was respectful. Her bravery to push on without concern of what the path brought was inspirational. She was an altruistic elderly female whose emotional state could not be altered. Phoenix comes across numerous challenges both tangible and mental in nature. Although her mind wilted and her physical structure was mounted old with years, Phoenix was as self-willed as any able-bodied body person. Chapter 5 – â€Å"Paul’s Case† 10. In what two cities is the story set? Does this choice of settings have any symbolic value? Could the story have been set as validly in Cleveland and Detroit? In San Francisco and Los Angeles? In New Orleans and Birmingham? The story is set in Pittsburgh and New York City. The cities Pittsburgh and New York City gave the story symbolic value. Pittsburgh in the early twentieth century was a smoky city full of steel plants filled with rough and tough blue collar workers. The setting was not one that Paul dreamed of since it was not a city full of tropical or exotic places with many shiny surfaces. New York City was a big bright place that had everything Paul dreamed about music, arts, and luxurious hotels. New York City was a place where Paul received a sense of belonging. Chapter 5 – â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† 1. The main topic of discussion between the man and the girl is never named. What is the â€Å"awfully simple operation†? Why it is not named? What different attitudes are taken toward it by the man and the girl? Why? The main topic of discussion between the man and girl was never named because the â€Å"awfully simple operation† could be interpreted as an abortion. It was not named because the operations was and still is a highly controversial topic. The Americans attitude was that he would love Jig with whatever decision she made, but he insinuated which decision he preferred by introducing the operation as a simple procedure that was in her best interests. Jig’s attitude toward the procedure was that it would bring the American and herself back to a time when nothing was troubling her and afflicting their relationship. Chapter 6 – â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† 9. What is the theme of the story? The theme of the story â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† tells of an immature boy, Paul, who perceives that there was never enough money in his family, he figures out a way to acquire money through chance. He finds that whenever he rides his rocking-horse fast enough, he somehow arrived at the name of the winning horse in a future race. Paul began to make money and secretly channels the money to his mother, but the desire for additional money developed. Paul eventually rode his rocking-horse so furiously in order to attain the victor of the Derby that he became ill and died, just after the victorious horse earns his family a tremendous fortune. Chapter 6 – â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† 1. What does Hawthorne gain by including the names of the actual persons (Goody Cloyse, Goody Cory, Deacon Gookin, Martha Carrier) and places (Salem village, Boston, Old South Church)? What religion is practiced by the townspeople? Hawthornes story gained creditability by including the names of the actual persons by giving examples of the sinfulness and hypocrisy that was hidden in the souls of those who seem most just. The characters are identified from amongst the gang of townspeople at the gathering because they present a measure of godliness that has destroyed for Brown by the experience. Salem village, Boston, and Old South Church was used to remind the readers of the setting of the Salem Witch Trials. The religion practiced by the townspeople was Christianity and they were known as Puritan’s which is considered a very conservative Protestant. Chapter 7 – â€Å"The Drunkard† 6. What is the principal irony in the story? The principal irony of the story â€Å"The Drunkard† was in the end the character that was drunk was the young son Larry not his alcoholic father. Throughout the story the reader was lead to understand that the father was a good man, husband, and father, except when he was drinking. He would be able to go weeks, months, and even years, without touching alcohol. It was written that after awhile the father would think of himself as a little bit better than his neighbors and at that point it seemed he would be looking for an excuse to celebrate and have a drink. What a perfect opportunity to have a drink at his friend’s funeral. The mother sent Larry along with his father to keep him from drinking. She did not expect Larry to be the one drinking, though in the end she looked at it as a gift from God that her son drank the alcohol and not her husband. Chapter 7 – â€Å"The Guest† 7. In what respect is the ending of the story ironic? What kind of irony is this? What does it contribute to the meaning of the story? The story has an ironic ending in the respect that Daru found that he was left in a no win situation and he arrived at that realization at the end of the story. The reader comes to the conclusion that the story was an irony of situation story; because there was an incongruity between expectations and fulfillment. Daru believed the Arab undoubtedly would choose the road leading him to freedom. The consequence left Daru with no fulfillment since the Arab will not have freedom, and he was held accountable for the Arab being turned over to the administration and police. Chapter 8 – â€Å"Roman Fever† 3. Trace the revelation of the animosity that Mrs. Slade feels for Mrs. Ansley. Is Mrs. Ansley doing anything on this evening to provoke her envy? Why has Mrs. Slade always harbored negative feelings about her friend? Mrs. Ansley provoked Mrs. Slade’s envy when they were sitting on the terrace looking out over the city. Mrs. Slade stated, After all, its still the most beautiful view in the world, followed by a comment from Mrs. Ansley stating, â€Å"It always will be to me†, this evoked memories of the past when Mrs. Ansley was in love with Mrs. Slade’s fiance Delphin. Mrs. Slade always harbored negative feelings about her friend, because she always believed her friend carried a special place in her heart for her husband Delphin. Chapter 8 – â€Å"A Civil Peace† 4. Jonathan lost his youngest son during a civil war, yet he considers himself â€Å"extraordinarily lucky. † Is this attitude callous or admirable? Jonathan lost his youngest son during a civil war, and he considered himself â€Å"extraordinarily lucky. † Feeling lucky was an admirable attitude, because Jonathan looked around at the blessings he was able to maintain, and not focus on the loss of his child during the civil war. He presented himself as a person that does not spend time focusing on the past, but looks ahead to the future. Jonathan had a clear understanding of his responsibilities to his family which was admirable.

How To Use the Spanish ‘Cuando’

How To Use the Spanish ‘Cuando’ The Spanish word cuando  usually the equivalent of the English when, although its use is far more versatile than the English word. It can serve as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, and it frequently is used in situations where when doesnt work as a translation. Cuando as a Conjunction Cuando is used most often as a conjunction, a type of word that in this case connects two clauses, a sentence-like statement that includes a subject (which may be implied) and a verb. Although the conjunction cuando can often be translated as when, cuando doesnt always indicate that a time element is at play. In those situations, context sometimes makes it better to think of cuando as meaning a condition such as if or since. Here are some examples of cuando meaning when: Siempre voy al mercado cuando estoy en la ciudad. (I always go to the market when I am in the city. Here cuando joins the two clauses siempre voy al mercado and estoy en la ciudad.)Su padre era drogadicto cuando ella era una nià ±a. (Her father was a drug addict when she was a girl. Cuando joins su padre era drogadicto and ella era una nià ±a.)Cuando llegà ³ al aeropuerto me puse en la fila equivocada. (When I arrived at the airport, I got in the wrong line. As this sentence shows, a conjunction can link two clauses even when it comes at the beginning of the sentence rather than between the clauses.) If the action of the verb after cuando took place in the past, is ongoing, or takes place in the present, the verb is in the indicative mood. But if it takes place in the future, the subjunctive is used. Note the difference between these two sentences. Cuando la veo, siempre me siento feliz. (When I see her, I always feel happy. The action of siento is ongoing, so it is in the indicative mood.)Cuando la veo maà ±ana, me sienta feliz. (When I see her tomorrow, I will feel happy. The action of the verb happens tomorrow, so the subjunctive mood is used.) Here are examples of where a translation other than when might be used for cuando: Vamos a salir cuando està © tarde. (We are going to leave if he is late. Depending on the context, this sentence doesnt necessarily suggest that the person will be late.)Cuando brilla el Sol, podemos ir a la playa. (Since the sun is shining, we can go to the beach. Since works better than when in translation if it is known to the speaker and listener that the sun is shining.) Cuando as an Adverb When it appears in questions before a verb, cundo functions as an adverb and receives an orthographic accent.  ¿Cundo vienes? (When are you coming?) ¿Cundo van a llegar al hotel? (When will they are arrive at the hotel? ¿Cundo compraron el coche? (When did they buy a car?)No sà © cundo se resolver mi futuro. (I dont known when my future will be determined. This is an example of an indirect question.) Cuando also functions as an adverb when it follows a form of ser. When is almost always a suitable translation. Era cuando yo estaba ms vulnerable. (It was when I was most vulnerable.)Mi mentira favorita era cuando me decà ­as, te amo. (My favorite lie was when you told me, I love you.)La parte difà ­cil es cuando se tienen cuatro o cinco actores en la misma escena. (The difficult part is when there are four or five actors in the same scene.) Cuando as a Preposition When used as a preposition, cuando can often be translated as during or at the time of. Often the sentence using cuando  in this way cannot be translated word for word but must be loosely translated to indicate that something happened during the time of the prepositional object. Some examples: La escribià ³Ã‚  cuando  estudiante. (She wrote it when she was a student. Note that there are no words in Spanish that directly say she was, but that meaning is implied. A word-for-word translation would be when student, but that doesnt make sense.)Asà ­Ã‚  fue  cuando  la Revolucià ³n Francesa.  (Thats how it was during the French Revolution.)Cuando las  inundaciones  yo era muy chica. (At the time of the  floods  I was very young.)Yo era enfermizo cuando muchacho con asma, (As a  boy  with asthma I was sickly.) Key Takeaways Although cuando can be thought of as the Spanish word for when, it can also be used in other ways.A common use of cuando is as a conjunction combining two clauses.When cundo means when as an interrogative adverb in a question, the first syllable receives an accent mark.

Reflection ( Global Media ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection ( Global Media ) - Assignment Example Old types of media were not as effective as new media. The increasingly powerful role of social media and the internet were proved to influence everything around. It did not take long to spread information all over the world. As a result, some people took advantage of new media and shared biased information with others in order to benefit from it. One more trend is media was greatly explained by the You Tube assignment. The site which was used to post short videos became a huge educational database. I was impressed by the fact that full documentaries and mane educational tutorials could be found easily. You Tube videos could not substitute tutor in the classroom; at the same time, they provided great support and additional sources for information for all people who were interested in the task. Media became more realistic. Online communication can lead to real consequences and suffering. Cyber bullying cases showed to what extent life online can become real for some people. Unfortunately, there current legislation cannot stop the cases of cyber bullying which are harmful for many people and especially teenagers. People need to remember that their online activities can hurt; even though online personalities are different from people who create them, they still remain personalities who deserve understanding and respect. The content of the course was very motivating for every student. Activism assignment stimulated creative thinking in all participants. Moreover, it was a nice opportunity to apply cultural diversity knowledge practically. Communication via internet was quick and effective. It was amazing to understand that people from all around the world could communicate at their usual pace without any delays related to bad network connection or other technical issues. Overall, this course can become a solid knowledge platform

GROUNDING & BONDING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GROUNDING & BONDING - Essay Example It is done with the help of copper wire to establish connection between all parts. Bonding is concerned with the techniques and procedures necessary to achieve a mechanically resilient low impedance interconnection. Grounding is the process in which we connect the bonded equipment to the earth. It is a special form of bonding in which conductive equip ­ment is connected to an earthing electrode or to the building grounding system in order to prevent sparking between conductive equipment and grounded structures. Bonding and grounding do not rectify the source or cause of stray voltage instead it reduces the harmful effect of stray voltage to a level where it may no longer pose any threat or problem. In the absence of bonding the potential difference can cause damage to equipment when any two parts of sensitive equipment are connected to system which can acquire different potentials. Bonding and Grounding Principle Bonding and grounding are basically two separate concepts in which on e is the physical medium and the other one act as the method for creating that medium. It is a very effective technique for minimizing the likelihood of an ignition from static electricity.

Why Should a Firm Cooperate with an Advertising Agency Coursework

Why Should a Firm Cooperate with an Advertising Agency - Coursework Example At Keller Advertising Agency we employ competitive professionals who are able to organize, create as well as place an advertisement to meet the objectives better than any company.   We do extensive market research and thus we are able to build an effective advertising strategy that will help you capture the market share as well as build a stable relationship with the consumers creating customer loyalty and help in building the company brand. With our knowledge of the eReader market coupled with an innovative and unique approach to the market, we are able to engage, capture the attention of the target market and enhance their interaction with the new product thus creating a relationship with the brand. At Keller Advertising we go at greater lengths to please our clients by ensuring that they have a great strategic vision that will steer them towards strategic success for their business in the global market.Our strategy is your strategy and this is what guides as to intriguing, competitive and ultimately successful campaigns. Our main aim is to inform and persuade the consumers on the new product through communicating ideas and information about the product in a way that will create a memorable experience for the consumer and enhance brand recognition. What counts most in campaigns is the message and we have talented experts who ensure creativity and logic. Finally, we provide a follow up after implementation of the campaign to ensure success.  An effective product name is one which is simple and easy to remember and thus will help in selling the product during marketing. A good product name should have the following characteristics be unique and thus distinguish the product from its competitors, hold appeal for the target audience, imply the benefits of the brand, create customer loyalty through bonding with the company, motivates the customers to purchase, can buy the image of the product and name and have symbolic association which fortifies the company’s image.

Community Safety Initiatives | Evaluation

Community Safety Initiatives | Evaluation INTRODUCTION Purpose of this paper is to discuss the main problems confronting those who must evaluate community safety initiatives. In order to do this, the paper first provides an overview of the problem. This is followed by an analysis of support and initiative by governments, technical difficulties, access to data, political pressure, and utilisation. COMMUNITY SAFETY EVALUATION The initial challenge facing every community safety initiative is to meet crime reduction targets whilst also implementing preventative measures to ensure long-term reductions in crime and disorder. Arguably, high quality evaluation can play a role in this as it can help better understand what works and how it works (Morton 2006). According to AG (2007), evaluation is concerned with making value-based judgments about a program. Mallock and Braithwaite (2005:4) define evaluation as â€Å"the systematic examination of a policy, program or project aimed at assessing its merit, value, worth, relevance or contribution†. Any evidence of the benefits and impact of initiatives will help to influence local partners in commissioning decisions. However, according to Morton (2006), some evaluators have been more able to undertake evaluations than others. As Read and Tilley (2000) claim, evaluation stage continues to be a major weakness of a community safety program. Proper evaluations of community safety initiatives are rare (Community Safety Centre 2000). According to Rhodes (2007), a range of policies and programs has been established with the aim of achieving greater community participation and involvement leading to increased community capacity. However there has been little evaluation of this approach or the specific programs. Read and Tilley (2000) also claim that there is relatively little systematic evaluation and a shortage of good evaluations. Moreover, what is available is generally weak. According to AG (2007), the reasons for the lack of evaluation of community safety programs have not been studied extensively, but social, political and financial considerations are likely to have a strong influence. Evaluation studies consume resources, and therefore are competing for the limited resources available and must be justified by the value of the information which they provide. There are also several other relevant factors including the limited knowledge and experience of evaluation theory and practice of many program managers and organisers. In addition, evaluation evidence is often seen as bad news since program objectives tend to be over-optimistic and hence are rarely fully met; a situation that evaluation might expose. LACK OF SUPPORT AND INITIATIVE According to Community Safety Centre (2000), little time and resources are available for conducting evaluation. When evaluation does occur, the size does matter. It can depend on how large the partnership is as to the resources that they have available for evaluation (Cherney and Sutton 2004). Often in small partnerships no money is put aside for evaluation. Since majority of serious evaluations are going to be expensive, this can particularly be a problem for small projects where a good evaluation may take up a relatively large proportion of the project budget. Thus, very often people will argue that this is an unnecessary cost. Furthermore, practitioners very often feel that they can themselves quiet easily tell whether or not something has been a success. Community Safety Centre (2000) concludes that recommendations that something works, by people who were involved in implementing the initiative, are often based on relatively weak evaluation evidence commonly relying on more gener al impressions that are usually not objective enough. In Australia, for example, neither central nor regional government has so far encouraged evaluators to undertake their own evaluation (Cherney and Sutton 2004). Community Safety Centre (2000) and Morton (2006) also claim that there is a lack of commitment from central government and local agencies, arguing that the problem lies in attracting and maintaining involvement of people and agencies that really are not interested in crime prevention or community safety. According to Morton (2006), evaluators have only been required to produce quarterly reports with milestones for the future and not to undertake a real reflection on a project, including writing a review on the project and analysing available data. All evaluators have to do is monitor whether money is being spent on outputs. Read and Tilley (2000) argue that there is little attention paid to how initiatives may have had their effects. There is not enough investment or requirement for evaluation. According to Varone, Jacob and De Winter (2005), policy evaluation is an underdeveloped tool of Belgian public governance. They claim that it is partitocracy, weakness of Parliament vis-à  -vis the government, and the federalisation process that is characteristic of the recent institutional evolution of the country, that jeopardise the development of a mature evaluation culture. TECHNICAL DIFFUCULTIES Evaluators might find barriers at each of the evaluation steps, including problem formulation, design of instruments, research deign, data collection, data analysis, findings and conclusions and utilisation (Hagan 2000). In respect to problem formulation, evaluation researchers are often in a hurry to get on with the task without thoroughly grounding the evaluation in the major theoretical issues in the field. Glaser and Zeigler (1974) claim that much of what is regarded as in-house evaluations has been co opted and is little more than head counting or the production of tables for annual reports. Further problem is the absence of standardised definitions. The confusion over definitions has not only impeded communication among researchers and, more importantly, between researchers and practitioners, but also has hindered comparisons and replications of research studies. Furthermore, although evaluators would prefer control over treatment and a classic experimental design, with random assignment of cases to experimental and control groups, this seldom happens. In many instances it is very difficult to find organisations that would be willing to undergo experimentation, particularly if it involves the denial of certain treatments (control group) to some clients. The program planners and staff may resists randomisation as means of allocations treatments, arguing for assignment based on need or merit. The design may not be correctly carried out, resulting in nonequivalent experimental and control groups. The design may break down as some people refuse to participate or drop out of different treatment groups (experimental mortality). Some feel that randomised designs create focused inequality because some groups receive treatment others desire and thus can cause reactions that could be confused with treatments. Much of the bemoaning concerning the inadequacy of research design in evaluation methodology has arisen because of an over-commitment to experimental designs, and a deficient appreciation of the utility of post hoc controls by means of multivariety statistical techniques. It may be that more rapid progress can be made in the evolution of preventive programs if research designs are based on statistical rather than experimental model. One major difficulty in evaluation research is in procuring adequate control groups. In respect to data collection, one principal shortcoming of much evaluation research has been its over reliance on questionnaires as the primary means of data gathering. Program supporters will jump on methodological or procedural problems in any evaluation that comes to a negative conclusion. Hagan (2000) also lists other obstacles to evaluation, including unsound and poorly done data analysis, unethical evaluations, naive and unprepared evaluation staff, and poor relationships between evaluation and program staff. Community Safety Centre (2000) argues that, unlike experimental researchers, evaluators often have difficulty comparing their experimental groups with a control group. Although evaluators might attempt to find a similar group to compare with, it is usually impossible to apply the ideal experimental rigor of randomly allocating individuals to an experimental condition and a control condition. According to AG (2007), those responsible for commissioning or conducting evaluation studies also need to take account of the local social, cultural and political context if the evaluations are to produce evidence that is not only useful, but used. According to Morton (2006), some evaluators have stressed their incompetence, claming that they do not know how to undertake evaluation. Schuller (2004) has referred to the lack of accuracy in their predictions, partly due to a lack of post-auditing information. She further argues that evaluators apply a narrow scope that stresses well-established knowledge of local impacts, whilst underplaying wider geographical, systematic, or time factors. Evaluation research can be a complex and difficult task (Community Safety Centre 2000). Evaluators are often described by a lack of control over, and even knowledge of, wide range of factors which may or may not impact on the performance indicators. While evaluating a single crime prevention initiative may be difficult enough, evaluating a full community safety project may be many times more complicated. The intervention package often impacts beyond the target area and this impact needs to be anticipated. As an additional complication, evaluation research can itself have an impact on the outcome of an initiative. A secondary role of the audit process is to raise awareness and build support for the initiative in the affected community. ACCESS TO DATA A commonly reported problem with evaluation has been access to relevant data (Morton 2006). Morton (2006) claims that it is often hard to get good baseline data against which to evaluate a project, mainly because procedures and resources for appropriate multi-agency data collection and mapping are not in place. Often the relevant data is not recorded or collated across services and analysed together to give a complete picture of the problem. Furthermore, partnerships often lack appropriate analytical skills to use quantitative data (Morton 2006). According to Hagan (2000), if proper data for evaluation are absent and clear outcomes or criteria of organisational success are absent, then a proper evaluation cannot be undertaken. The success of the entire evaluation process hinges on the motivation of the administrator and organisation in calling for an evaluation in the first place. It should be possible to locate specific organisational objectives that are measurable. The key assumptions of the program must be stated in a form which can be tested objectively. However, this often does not happen in practice. POLITICAL PRESSURE Political pressure can present another problem for evaluators. Administrators often want to spend all the funding available on implementation as opposed to evaluation (Morton 2006). Thus, being aware of the political context of a program is a precondition for useable evaluation research (AG 2007). Evaluation research requires the active support and cooperation of the agency or program to be evaluated (Hagan 2000). However, the program administrator’s desire to reaffirm his or her position with favorable program evaluations may conflict with the evaluator’s desire to acquire an objective appraisal of a program’s impact. The end result may be either a research design with low scientific credibility and tainted results, or a credible study that never receives a public hearing because the administrator does not like the results. According to Read and Tilley (2000), few evaluations are independent and evidence is used selectively. There is undue satisfaction with redu ction as an indicator that the initiative was effective without attention to alternative explanations, or to possible side-effects. They further argue that 84% of evaluations they studied were conducted by the initiative coordinator or staff, and only 9% were by an independent external evaluator. Thus, it is challenging for partnerships to persuade for funding to be put aside for evaluation. Evaluator’s job is also affected by balancing the need to be strategic and pressure to produce â€Å"runs on the board† by local authorities and central agencies, as well as the greater value placed on â€Å"projects† compared to â€Å"planning† within local authorities (Cherney and Sutton 2004). According to Hagan (2000), even the best laid evaluation plans can â€Å"bite the dust† in the â€Å"high noon† of political reality. In discussing the politicisation of evaluation research, Hagan (2000) points out the incasing political nature of evaluations as they are increasingly used to decide the future of programs. According to him, part of the administrator’s concern about evaluation research comes from the dilemma that research creates for him. The evaluation process casts him in contradictory roles. On the one hand, he is the key person in the agency, and the success of its various operations, including evaluation, depends on his knowledge and involvement. On the other hand, evaluation carries the potentiality of discrediting an administratively sponsored program or of undermining a position the administrator has taken. MURPHY’S LAW Hagan (2000) applies Murphy’s Law to evaluation research, clearly indicated barriers that evaluator faces. In relation to evaluation design: the resources needed to complete the evaluation will exceed the original projection by a factor of two. after an evaluation has been completed and is believed to control for all relevant variables, others will be discovered and rival hypothesis will multiply geometrically the necessity of making a major decision change increases as the evaluation project nears completion. In relation to evaluation management: the probability of a breakdown in cooperation between the evaluation project and an operational agency is directly proportional to the trouble it can cause. if staying on schedule is dependent on a number of activities which may be completed before or after an allotted time interval, the total time needed will accumulate in the direction of becoming further and further behind schedule. In relation to data collection: the availability of data element is inversely proportional to the need for that element historical baseline data will be recorded in units or by criteria other than present or future records none of the available self-report formats will work as well as you expect In relation to data analysis and interpretation: in a mathematical calculation, any error that can creep in, will. It will accumulate in the direction that will do the most damage to the results of the calculation. the figure that is most obviously correct will be the source of error if an analysis matrix requires â€Å"n† data elements to make the analysis easy and logical, there will always be â€Å"n-1† available. When tabulating data, the line totals and the column totals should up to the grand total; they won’t In relation to presentation of evaluation findings: the more extensive and thorough the evaluation the less likely the findings will be used by decision makers. UTILISATION Evaluator is often approaching his or her job knowing that evaluation results are often not appropriately utilised. This might significantly impact his or her performance. Hagan (2000) claims that evaluations have not been effectively utilised, and that much of this waste is due to passive bias and censorship within the field itself, which prevent the publication of weaker, less scientific findings, and to misplace client loyalty. Cherney and Sutton (2004) argue that there has been a lack of status and authority within the overall structure of local government to facilitate change in polices and practices. Furthermore, there are agencies and units both within local authorities and externally who are unwilling to be held accountable for community safety outcomes. According to Schuller (2004), there has been inadequate organisation, scheduling and institutional integration into the overall decision-making process, with impact assessment often undertaken towards the end. It has also bee n suggested that the most pertinent issue may be, not to predict accurately, but to define appropriate goals, and then set up the organisation that can effectively adapt and audit the project to achieve goals. CONCLUSION The paper has discussed the main problems confronting those who must evaluate community safety initiatives, looking at the issues of support and initiative, technical difficulties, access to data, political pressure, and low utilisation. Proper evaluations of community safety initiatives are rare. Little time and resources is available for conducting evaluation and there is a lack of commitment from government and local agencies. Barriers have been experienced throughout the evaluation process, including problem formulation, design of instruments, research deign, data collection, data analysis, findings and conclusions and utilisation. Further barriers have been presented by lack of focus on the local social, cultural and political context. Some evaluators have even stressed their incompetence, claming that they do not know how to undertake evaluation. Relevant data is often not recorded or collated to give a complete picture of the problem. Political pressure also presents a signifi cant problem as administrators find themselves in contradictory roles. Furthermore, they often want to spend all the funding available on implementation as opposed to evaluation. Finally, evaluation results have not been effectively utilised, which can have a significant negative impact on evaluators. BIBLIOGRAPHY Australian Government Attorney Generals Department (AG). (2007). â€Å"Conceptual Foundations of Evaluation Models†. Cherney, A and Sutton, A. (2004). Aussie Experience: local government community safety officers and capacity building†. Community Safety Journal, Vol.3, Iss.3, pg.31. Community Safety Centre (2000). â€Å"Research and Evaluation†. Community Safety research and Evaluation Bulletin†. No.1. Glaser, D. and Zeigler, M.S. (1974). â€Å"The Use of the Death Penalty v. the Outrage at Murder†. Crime and Delinquency, pp.333-338. Hagan, F.E. (2000). â€Å"Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology (eds)†. Allyn and Bacon. Mallock, N.A. and Braithwaite, J. (2005). â€Å"Evaluation of the Safety Improvement Program in New South Wales: study no.9†. University of New South Wales. Morton, S. (2006). â€Å"Community Safety in Practice – the importance of evaluation†. Community Safety Journal, Vol.5, Iss.1, pg.12. Read, T and Tilley, N. (2000). â€Å"Not Rocket Science? Problem-solving and crime reduction†. Crime Reduction Research Series Paper 6, Home Office. Rhodes, A. (2007). â€Å"Evaluation of Community Safety Policies and Programs†. RMIT University. Schuller, N. (2004). â€Å"Urban Growth and Community Safety: developing the impact assessment approach†. Community Safety Journal, Vol.3, Iss.4, pg.4. Varone, F., Jacob, S., De Winter, L. (2005). â€Å"Polity, Politics and Policy Evaluation in Belgium†. Evaluation, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp.253-273.

Love Your Enemies :: English Literature Essays

Love Your Enemies Jesus said, â€Å"You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth.’ But now I tell you: do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, let them slap your left cheek too†¦ love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.† Is it possible to follow this teaching of Jesus today? The answer is yes, conveying this teaching is possible. There are still some people who do live in this way. One person who lived this way was Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi was a man of peace from India. By no means did Gandhi resort to violence. Gandhi showed that the powerless had power. He never fought back instead he would sit and pray. Gandhi always wanted equality and peace among everyone. If someone were harm in any way, he would have never turned and hurt them. Instead he would have prayed or just ambled away. Although with his courageous words and actions he was a very powerful person he still could not control the decisions and actions of others. Gandhi once said,†I have no strength, save what God gives me. I have no authority over my country men, save the purely moral." Like many of our brave and peaceful leaders Gandhi was also assassinated. He died on January 30, 1948. Everyone should be more like Gandhi. Everyone should be kind and peaceful and then the world may be an easier place to live in. It’s not an easy way to live because you often act or even speak before you act. Several people often do things without thinking. It’s human nature. For example if person ‘A’ were to clout person ‘B’, person ‘B’ would automatically strike back. This is unquestionably not what Jesus would do. There is only very few people who would actually just turn the other cheek or walk away. Instead everyone else would probably do the same or even worse than what the other person did. Another way we can follow this philosophy is by, as Jesus said, â€Å"Do unto others as you would have done unto you.† Think about this, no one would want someone to harm them, emotionally or physically, and the other person probably feels the same way. Verbal abuse, talking about others, judging others also part of this. This damages others, and it’s hard not to do this because everybody does it but just because everybody does doesn’t make it right.