Native American Essay -- Essays Papers

Native American The story of the pilgrims and Native Americans was always taught in elementary school during the Thanksgiving holiday. The teachers frequently called Native Americans â€Å"Indians†. It never crossed my mind that the word â€Å"Indians† was the politically incorrect way of labeling Native Americans until a student shouted it out to the teacher in 5th grade. It finally clicked in my mind that Indians are people from India not America. Native Americans were always portrayed to be accepting culture when confronted with the Europeans during Thanksgiving. In elementary school, everything is happy. I don’t even remember learning American history. Columbus sailed the ocean blue, thought he was in India, and started the trend of labeling Native Americans as â€Å"Indians†. In junior high school, I learned more about the Native American’s view on the colonization of America. They were people who were forced out of their land to make room for European settlements. Most Native American tribes were at war with the incoming settlers. Native Americans are people who celebrate and wor...

Analyze the different Operational Management (OM) perspective of Walmart Essay

Analyze the different Operational Management (OM) perspective of Walmart. Identify the following by writing a paper (with paragraphs, including an introductory, body, and concluding section): 1) The organization’s name and main line of business, 2) A specific type of operations process that takes place there (either service or product), 3) Describe the nature of the operations given your newfound understanding of operations management and productivity. 4) You may identify the strategy or global strategy of that organization. Turn in your one to two page paper by the Module due date. Walmart Stores, Inc. or Walmart is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world’s largest public corporation by revenue, Founded by Sam Walton in 1962, it was incorporated on October 31, 1969, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. It is the largest private employer in the world and the fourth largest utility or commercial employer. Walmart is the largest grocery retailer in the United States, with an estimated 20% of the retail grocery and consumables business. It also owns and operates the North American company, Sam’s club. The operations that take place in Walmart are specifically related to products. Walmart has a systematic approach to conducting its operations. It is able to understand the issues and problems to be studied, measures of performances to be established and uses scientific and analytical tools to develop effective and efficient solutions to the problems at hand. Irrespective of the nature of organization and the activities it performs every organization needs to incorporate marketing finance and human resources activities to its operations. This operation process is the conversion process. These four forms the basic functions of any organisation.and are mutually interactive.oerations come at the core of every organizational activity and bind the functional areas together. Productivity and efficiency of work is determined by an efficient system of operations. Hence operations forms are very important process of work flow and .corporate level strategies must first be made and then translated into operational strategies. Operation management functions encompass product  design and development, process design, location and layout of facilities, capacity planning, forecasting, production planning and control, supply chain management, maintenance management and continued improvement in operations. The strategy of Walmart is to extend its products to every possible household and make every product available to the common man through its wide network of stores all over the USA.the strategy is also to provide empowerment and work to as many people as it can and make the supply chain management a very safe and profitable process. it gets its groceries from unknown and untapped resources thereby making it a virtual assembly house of varied manufactured products. Project 2 Consider Wal-Mart. Integrate the concepts and operations management principles that you’ve been studying in this module and turn in your one to two page paper addressing the following questions: How project management influence other departments and functions of this organization (i.e., marketing, finance, accounting, human resources, etc.)? What are the difficulties or limitations for implementing PERT and CRM in the organization? Operations are a key functional area in an organization. Irrespective of the activities and the type of business every organization has few important activities to perform. This encompasses operations, marketing, finance and human resources management. Operations pertain to managing the conversion process in an organization. The marketing function is concerned with understanding the requirements of the customers cresting a demand for the products and services and satisfying the customer requirements by delivering the right product and services to the customers at the right time. In order to perform the various activities pertaining to operations and marketing finance is needed for tapping the market for funds and managing the working capital. These activities constitute the finance function. Every organization employs a number of people with varied skills background and work requirements. Managing the workforce and addressing a host of issues related to them is called human resources management.hrence these four form the basic functions of any organization The basic functions of an organization. The four functions have mutual interactions between them. The decisions  taken in each of these functional areas could form an important input in another functional area. Typically, organizations begin their yearly plan with the marketing function of estimating next year’s sales. This input forms the basis for production planning, procurement planning and all these lead to certain estimate of the funds required. This forms an important input for the finance function.wjhile planning has such a sequence of information flows and interactions at the time of executions interactions are even more. The HRM function influences the productive capacity of manpower available in real time the actual production of gods influences the marketing activity to be undertaken and the quantum and timing of funds available from sales. Hence project management influences every department in an organization. It is difficult to implement PERT because it is a product industry and as such Pert is normally suited to a service industry of where there are many projects taking off Walmart being primarily a goods industry does not require PERT. Customer Relationship management is a though study by the organization of the customer behavior and relationship. Walmart’s customer base is so huge that it seems impossible to maintain a CRM of that size. Furthermore the customer is from varied backgrounds and Walmart will not have any use for this. It becomes very expensive to initialize something like this for the size of Walmart. Project 3 At the Hard Rock Cafe, like many organizations, project management is a key planning tool. With Hard Rock’s constant growth in hotels and cafes, remodeling of existing cafes, scheduling for Hard Rock Live concert and event venues, and planning the annual Rockfest, managers rely on project management techniques and software to maintain schedule and budget performance. â€Å"Without Microsoft Project,† says Hard Rock Vice-President Chris Tomasso, â€Å"there is no way to keep so many people on the same page.† Tomasso is in charge of the Rockfest event, which is attended by well over 100,000 enthusiastic fans. The challenge is pulling it off within a tight 9-month planning horizon. As the event approaches, Tomasso devotes greater energy to its activities. For the first 3 months, Tomasso updates his MS Project charts monthly. Then at the 6-month mark, he updates his progress weekly. At the 9- month mark, he checks and corrects his schedule twice a  week. Early in the project management process, Tomasso identifies 10 major tasks (called level 2 activities in a work breakdown structure, or WBS):†  talent booking, ticketing, marketing/PR, online promotion, television, show production, travel, sponsorships, operations, and merchandising. Using a WBS, each of these is further divided into a series of subtasks. The following table identifies 26 of the major activities and subactivities, their immediate predecessors, and time estimates. Tomasso enters all of these into the MS Project software. Tomasso alters the MS Project document and the time line as the project progresses. â€Å"It’s okay to change it as long as you keep on track,† he states. The day of the rock concert itself is not the end of the project planning. â€Å"It’s nothing but surprises. A band not being able to get to the venue because of traffic jams is a surprise, but an ‘anticipated’ surprise. We had a helicopter on stand-by ready to fly the band in,† says Tomasso. On completion of Rockfest in July, Tomasso and his team have a 3-month reprieve before starting the project planning process again. Please turn in a paper of one to two pages (page counting does not include cover and reference list) discussing the following questions, The critical path is A-D-E-F-G-O The project completion time is 34 weeks. 2. Identify some major challenges a project manager faces in events such as this one. To plan thoroughly all aspects of the project, soliciting the active involvement of all functional areas involved, in order to obtain and maintain a realistic plan that satisfies their commitment for performance. To control the organization of manpower needed by the project To control the basic technical definition of the project, ensuring that â€Å"technical† versus â€Å"cost† trade-offs determine the specific areas where optimisation is necessary. To lead the people and organizations assigned to the project at any given point in time. Strong positive leadership must be exercised in order to keep the many disparate elements moving in the same direction in a co-operative. To monitor performance, costs and efficiency of all elements of the project and the project as a whole, exercising judgement and leadership in determining the causes of problems and facilitating solutions To complete the project on schedule and within costs, these being the overall standard by which performance of the project manager is evaluated. Project 4 Global firms like Regal Marine know that the basis for an organization’s existence is the good or service it provides society. Great products are the keys to success. With hundreds of competitors in the boat business, Regal Marine must work to differentiate itself from the flock. Regal continuously introduces innovative, high-quality new boats. Its differentiation strategy is currently reflected in a product line consisting of 22 models. But why must Regal Marine constantly worry about designing new boats? The answer is that every product has a life cycle. Products are born. They live and they die. As Figure 5.1 shows, a product’s life cycle can be divided into four phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Figure 5.2 shows the four life cycle stages and the relationship of product sales, costs, and profit over the life cycle of a product. When Regal is developing a new model boat, it typically has a negative cash flow. If the boat is successful, those losses may be recovered and yield a profit prior to its decline. The life cycle for a successful Regal boat is three to five years. To maintain this stream of innovative new products, Regal constantly seeks design input from customers, dealers, and consultants. Design ideas rapidly find themselves in Regal’s styling studio, where Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology speeds the development process. A Regal design engineer can start with a rough sketch or even just an idea and use the graphic display power of CAD as a drafting board to construct the geometry of the new boat. The CAD system helps the designer determine engineering data such as the strength, dimensions, or weight. It also allows the designer to be sure all parts will fit together. Existing boat designs are always evolving as the company tries to stay stylish and competitive. Moreover, with life cycles so short, a steady stream of new products is required. A few years ago, the new product was the 3-passenger $11,000 Rush, a small, but powerful boat capable of pulling a water-skier. The next year, it was a 20-foot inboard-outboard performance boat with so many innovations that it won prize after prize in the industry. Then it was a redesigned 42-foot Commodore that sleeps six in luxury staterooms. With all these models and innovations, Regal designers  and production personnel are under pressure to respond quickly. By getting key suppliers on board early and urging them to participate at the design stage, Regal improves both innovations and quality while speeding product development. Regal finds that the sooner it brings suppliers on board, the faster it can bring new boats to the market. The first stage in actual production is the creation of the â€Å"plug,† a foam-based carving used to make the molds for fiberglass hulls and decks. Specifications from the CAD system drive the carving process. Once the plug is carved, the permanent molds for each new hull and deck design are formed. Molds take about 4-8 weeks to make and are all handmade. Similar mold s are made for many of the other features in Regal boats–from galley and stateroom components to lavatories and steps. Finished molds can be joined and used to make thousands of boats. Please turn in a paper of one to two pages (page counting does not include cover and reference list) discussing the following questions, 1. How does the concept of product life cycle apply to Regal Marine products? 2. What strategy does Regal use to stay competitive? 3. What kind of benefits are Regal achieving by using CAD technology rather than traditional drafting techniques? Project 4 The product life cycle that applies to regal marine products is new boats every three to five years. To be competitive every boat that is manufactured has four stages .the introduction and the design conceptualization is the most important stage. Once the design has been conceptualized it becomes easy to transfer the design into an acceptable model through the CAD models. Then it is introduced into the market’. The innovations and the new design boats help the market and it grows fast that the entire market is full of the new design boats from regal marines. This is the maturity stage of the boat life cycle. Every boat lover has a new boat design of regal marines and then the stagnation starts and the sales of boat decline gradually at first and then very quickly. this is a sure sign that the life cycle of the new design is coming to an end and obsoletion has set in .if this is not tackled then the firm will be incurring losses on more production. So this is an  indication t hat regal marines have to start looking for another new design to replace the one that in just going out of vogue. Regal marines’ competitive strategy is right from the customers themselves. Every design and thought that goes into making boats comes from the customers themselves. The customer’s suppliers and designers are all together in the studio of the regal marines while designing a new boat of enhancing features of existing models. This allows for regal marines to feel the pulse of the market and also help in setting in trends and innovations. Since every product is manufactured and customized as per customer design and style this helps regal marines to bring in the right edge to the sale and product and allows it to stay competitive. The brand of Boats from regal marines sells because there is always something new to every boat that is introduced in the market. Regal marine’s product development cell has a good combination of suppliers too. It uses the suppliers input in the design stage by urging them to participate in the design drafting process. This helps in speedin g up the initial design process. While competitors lose out on time regal marines is able to capitalize on time. Regal finds that the sooner it brings suppliers on board, the faster it can bring new boats to the market this competitive strategy also allows for competitive pricing with enhanced features. This is the gaining advantage that regal marines have. The traditional drafting method needs precision and perfection and usually takes some days to design. The prototype of the design cannot be seen unless the drawing is fully complete. This is not so in the case of Cad. if a few necessary dimensions are given and the shape chosen the CAD design engineers can bring out hundreds of designs of the prototype and improving upon the concept as the design proceeds. This is the greatest advantage of CAD designing. Improvements can go along simultaneously. This is not only faster but innovative too. The errors that arise out of human calculations and design lengths can be avoided though computer designing. The parts of the design can be fitted redesigned and reengineered based of specifications and new inputs. This allows for innovations and new concepts. The CAD also gives suggestions for new designs which can be improved upon. Styles and engineering models can be used to stay ahead of others. This is the greatest advantage of The CAD over tra ditional patterns of design. The CAD allows regal marine engineers to be constantly under pressure to bring in  innovations in boat design and models. This also has led to improving the efficiency of Regal marine product service lines. Project 5 Consider Wal-Mart. Integrate the concepts and operations management principles that you’ve been studying in this module and turn in your one to two page paper addressing the following questions: 1) How product design is applied in decision-making of that organization? 2) Can you describe a Product Life Cycles in the organization? 3) How different Issues for Product Development are applied in the organization? Project 5 Walmart a premier Grocery store and the largest chain store in the USA has been constantly striving to improve its product design. In the design of a consumer product not only is the manufactured cost of interest, but also the quality of the product delivered and how well the product meets customer expectations is studied. Walmart has been able to sustain this competitive advantage by staying ahead of others in designing delivering products in new fashion Walmart product can be distinguished just by design and packaging. Products sold by Walmart have measurable and non measurable attributes too hence both these have to consider while preparing a design plan for its products. Cost is a very important attribute of product design. a key decision making process is the constitution of cost. Walmart has been tagged as the cost price sop or a friendly shop. Having scored on this advantage Walmart needs to design its product and decide on the most important factor of cost. Many of the decisions regarding cost and quality are made in the preliminary design stage where the design engineers and the cost engineers sit together to make a workable proposition keeping the corporate strategy in mind. Hence these two put together deliver a product that can be afford by a maximum number of people. Since the consumer market is a fast changing one no product design can be kept constant for long. there is great uncertainty regarding this hence this decision of whether to stick to same design or keeping changing the design as per consumer preferences is a decision that has to be taken promptly so that products can have the delivery value. Too much newness and change may also lead to undesirable results sometimes. Where there is a degree of uncertainty in design  performance levels, customer preferences, and even in the goals for the design itself have to change immediately so that the product reaches the shelves with the newness that is anticipated from every Walmart store. The Walmart’s products are fast-moving consumer goods and durables and groceries which have short shelf lives. The product life cycles of products at Walmart are varying from 2 months to 2 years. That is why it is called a FMCG sector. Even before a product has been introduced it become out of fashion and obsolete. Such products life cycle is very short and these products will not be able to bring in that competitive advantage to Walmart. Most of the products that Walmart deals have short PLCs. even before the growth rate starts the decline set in. this call for continuous product improvement and great innovations in product life cycle management. Every product here has a tangible attribute and consumers want that attribute in every new product line. This is a challenge that Walmart has been continually striving for. Walmart’s issues of product development are many and are challenging to the very existence of this chain stores. The issues are generated not only from managing the wide variety of products but continually striving for error generating highest customer satisfaction. The watchword of product development is innovation. The market place is so crowded that unless Walmart caters to this it cannot sustain in the market. It keeps innovation as the watchword every customer need has to be met and new initiatives have to be optimized to meet the needs of the ever changing consumer market. This is critical to the success of any product development agenda. An ideal marketing mix should be approached by the organization so that product development is optimized. This would help in sustaining the advantage of product development issues. Project 6 The Arnold Palmer Hospital (APH) in Orlando, Florida, is one of the busiest and most respected hospitals for the medical treatment of children and women in the U.S. Since its opening on golfing legend Arnold Palmer’s birthday September 10, 1989, more than 1.5 million children and women have passed through its doors. It is the fourth busiest labor and delivery hospital in the U.S. and the largest neonatal intensive care unit in the Southeast. And APH ranks fifth out of 5,000 hospitals nationwide in patient satisfaction.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Part of the reason for APH’s success,† says Executive Director Kathy Swanson, â€Å"is our continuous improvement process. Our goal is 100% patient satisfaction. But getting there means constantly examining and reexamining everything we do, from patient flow, to cleanliness, to layout space, to colors on the walls, to speed of medication delivery from the pharmacy to a patient. Continuous improvement is a huge and never-ending task.† One of the tools the hospital uses consistently is the process flowchart. Staffer Diane Bowles, who carries the â€Å"Clinical Practice Improvement Consultant,† charts scores of processes. Bowles’s flowcharts help study ways to improve the turnaround of a vacated room (especially important in a hospital that has operated at 130% of capacity for years), speed up the admission process, and deliver warm meals warm. Lately, APH has been examining the flow of maternity patients (and their paperwork) from the moment they enter the hospital until they are discharged, hopefully with their healthy baby a day or two later. The flow of maternity patients follows these steps: 1. Enter APH’s Labor & Delivery check-in desk entrance. 2. If the baby is born en route or if birth is imminent, the mother and baby are taken by elevator and registered and admitted directly at bedside. They are then taken to a Labor & Delivery Triage room on the 8th floor for an exam. If there are no complications, the mother and baby go to step 6. 3. If the baby is not yet born, the front desk asks if the mother is preregistered. (Most do preregister at the 28–30-week pregnancy mark). If she is not, she goes to the registration office on the first floor. 4. The pregnant woman is taken to Labor & Delivery Triage on the 8th floor for assessment. If she is ready to deliver, she is taken to a Labor & Delivery (L&D) room on the 2nd floor until the baby is born. If she is not ready, she goes to step 5. 5. Pregnant women not ready to deliver (i.e., no contractions or false alarm) are either sent home to return on a later date and reenter the system at that time, or if contractions are not yet close enough, they are sent to walk around the hospital grounds (to encourage progress) and then return to Labor & Delivery Triage at a prescribed time. 6. When the baby is born, if there are no complications, after 2 hours the mother and baby are transferred to a â€Å"mother-baby care unit† room on floors 3, 4, or 5 for an average of 40–44 hours. 7. If there are complications with the mother, she goes to an operating room and/or intensive care unit. From there, she goes back to a mother–baby care room upon stabilization — or is discharged at another time if not stabilized. Complications for the baby may result in a stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) before transfer to the baby nursery near the mother’s room. If the baby cannot be stabilized for discharge with the mother, the baby is discharged later. 8. Mother and/or baby, when ready, are discharged and taken by wheelchair to the discharge exit for pickup to travel home. Please turn in a paper of one to two pages (page counting does not include cover and reference list) discussing the following questions, 1. As Diane’s new assistant, you need to flowchart this process. Explain how the process might be improved once you have completed the chart. 2. If a mother is scheduled for a Caesarean-section birth (i.e., the baby is removed from the womb surgically), how would this flowchart change? 3. If all mothers were electronically (or manually) preregistered, how would the flowchart change? Redraw the chart to show your changes. 4. Describe in detail a process that the hospital could analyze, besides the ones mentioned in this case. Project 6 Staffer Diane Bowles is the â€Å"Clinical Practice Improvement Consultant,† who charts scores of processes. Her inputs are very important for efficient room processes and admission processes. As Diane’s assistant I would first acquaint myself with the flow of Diana’s flowchart. I would take a few days to study the various inputs and the process flows. Once this is done then I could suggest improvements if any. I feel that there is only place where  there is a scope for improvement. This would also help in getting the rooms vacated on time without the prospect of waiting for rooms to be vacated. I would not initiate any changes because the flow chart of processes has been very successful and critical to the 130% capacity of the operational levels of the hospitals’ only would like to improve upon the levels of floors of the various units. The process as such is maintained very well but the floors on which facilities for labor wards for operations and normal delivery are scattered and in case of any emergency the patient has to be shifted many times up and down. This not only wastes critical time but also man power. I suggest that the seventh and the eight floors be exclusively used as labor wards and operation theaters and the rest of th4 floors be used in any order convenient for doctors’ nurses and other therapists. A mother who is expected to be operated upon needs to jump from process 1 to 7 without any intervening steps. the process 7 would become step 2 as the mother has already registered and ready for the cesarean .then step 6 could be followed the mother and child sent to the ante natal care and then step 8 .in process flow chart for a mother who is to be operated upon. she need not go through any other step as it is not required. Pre-registration should become mandatory fro all expectant mothers. Then the order of the flowchart would change with step 3 becoming step 1 and step 322 and others following each other. There should be no instant admission process .since all mothers are treated only by this hospital doctors pre-registration must become compulsory. That way the no of patients and mothers to be admitted for delivery on any particular day can be assessed and particularly over crowded seasons can be studied and staff arranged for emergencies. A process for a hospital specializing in obstetrics and child birth could be as follows: 1. Expectant mothers to pre register with the hospital either manually of electronically in the 30th week of pregnancy. 2. The registration number to be produced during time of admission with doctor’s diagnosis. 3,. If the mother is due for a cesarean, admission should take place before 6 hours and the mother should be taken to floor 7 for preoperative care and then proceed to step 6 4. If the mother is due for normal delivery and the birth of the child can happen any time, the mother and baby are taken by elevator and registered and admitted directly at bedside. They are then taken to a Labor & Delivery Triage room on the 8th floor for an exam. If there are no  complications, the mother and baby go to step 6. 5. If the mother has still some more time for delivery she is asked to go around the hospital till the contractions start and then goes to step 6. 6. The mother is taken to the labor ward and after successful child birth she goes to the mother and child ward and then to step 7 7. After observation and mother and child found healthy they are discharged and then to step 9 8. if the mother is found healthy and the child is found not fit enough to be discharged the child is taken to the natal care centre and the mother goes to step 9. 9. The mother and baby discharged with dates vie fro the next check up with post natal care dates. . Project 7 Consider Walmart. Integrate the concepts and operations management principles that you’ve been studying in this module and turn in your one to two page paper addressing the following questions : 1) What process strategy (form the four process strategies) is applied in that organization? 2) Where is the headquarter (or distribution center) of the organization? Are there any benefits locating there? If you could choose, where would you choose? Project 7 The process strategy is also called the job shop process. The process focus at Walmart is basically strategized around the low volume low variety type. The goods that are sold in Walmart are a large variety of goods with small quantities on the shelf. If one goes through the Walmart shelves it is noticeable that there are hundreds of varieties of goods of all types and brands but one can never buy in bulk just because Walmart does not stock them in bulk. It is not categorized as a bulk store but a retail chain store. The facilities of each department starting from the procurement to delivery are all specific processes and are organized around specific activities. Every activity is done in a specialized way by the department and process concerned. There is heavy centralization of process leading to  high execution times and perfection in operations. The procurement department is centralized with a specialists working on processes and jobs. The store stocks goods according to the eve r changing demands of the customers so the product range at Walmart is highly flexible. The stores allows for product flexibility. Since majority of the work of disbursement and product stocking is done manually the store incurs heavy cost on distribution. Except for billing and inventory every other activity is manually done. This leads not only to heavy man power requirement but also lot of human errors that cannot be avoided. This makes way for repetitions and sometimes high levels of inefficiencies. Because of the high manual work the sophisticated machines are seldom used and are all put in cold storage. To show that the store is organized around the latest technology the machines have been ordered and put in place but they are neither used nor automated. This calls for idle cost. Another main characteristic of the Walmart chain stores are the varying product flows making planning and scheduling a challenge. It is very difficult to estimate in advance the flow of a product during a week in advance. this calls for either over stocking a product or non availability o f the product hence the floor manager‘s job of stocking the right quantity during the time of demand becomes a challenge. This is the most difficult part of the process flow in Walmart. The work processes are very unique in the sense that one cannot apply any strategy of operations management and organization behavior here. The assembly process is also a challenge for every department of Walmart. The Walmart chain stores are headquartered at Bentonville, Benton County, Arkansas, 72716. The reason for having the headquarters there is quite obvious because it was here that Sam Walton opened the company’s first discount store in 1962.the original store is now a tourist spot. This small town has not only a big store but all offices of Walmart including the corporate office here. There could be no benefits here except having a sentimental value to having the head office near the original store. Since theses are the corporate offices and do not actually carry out operations of sully chain and procurement it does not matter. This headquarters is management office as all other Walmart stores operate on their own through centralized market pool. Hence procurement and distribution is done through the local stores but decisions regarding corporate policies are excused from the headquarters. I would choose the same. References: dedeksoncenter.net/Classweb/MSIS_301/MSIS301_Slides/OperationsMGT_hr8_ppt07.ppt – http://walmartstores.com/ P

Roles of First Ladies - 2142 Words

Roles of the First Lady Kenya Stanford Ashford University HIS 204 American History Since 1865 Instructor: Tara Ross November 15, 2010 Abstract The roles of the First Lady can vary. Several of the authors describes that some of the First Lady’s roles can be from writing invitations , creating an policy, sharing ideas about political rights, to coming up with health care reform. This essay contains some of the old traditional roles that the First Lady was required to do in the 18th century and how it changes over time. Also, it explains how each century First Lady goes about performing her duties. Roles of the First Lady The roles of the First Lady are really undetermined because it changes due to their interest and the†¦show more content†¦Even though she was very sick, she manages to crochet bedroom room slippers for fundraisers and charities. After reading the article, she proves that she was able to show her husband that she cared about how he felt about politics and that she would dedicate herself to it through the end. She was the first to have her spouse to reschedule everything around her instead of the President reschedule everything around him. 20th Century: Edith Roosevelt and Jacqueline Kennedy Following President McKinley’s assassination came about very sudden to Edith. So Edith had to fill in that position as First Lady. Not being a stranger to Washington and to the public, Edith was able to perform her job really well. Edith was very good at managing books and being able to keep up the home. But just like Martha Washington, she kept her life private from everybody including T.R’s extended family. According to the Theodore Roosevelt Association, â€Å"Under Ediths careful eye the White House collection of china and the portraits of First Ladies were begun. The task of restoring the house to its classic and simple federal style, inside and out, while accommodating a large family and executive branch of government for a growing nation came to the Roosevelt’s. First Lady Edith Roosevelt played the major role in overseeing the largest renovation of the White House into the stately and practical gove rnment center it isShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The First Lady From Nothing Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesand created the role of the first lady from nothing. They were able to put content into a role that did not even exist beforehand. when there was no one that came before to teach them. Known as the first three first ladies, Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, and Dolley Madison defined the role of the first lady to society before anyone else had the chance to. By handled hostess duties, a position in politics, and a X public image, they set the example for the many future first ladies to come. GeorgeRead MoreThe Changing Role of the First Ladies Essay2564 Words   |  11 PagesFirst lady is the unofficial title bestowed upon the wife of the president of the United States. The role of the president of the United States originated with George Washington and so did the role of the first lady. During these times, the roles of women were usually limited to being homemakers and hostesses. Women did not work outside the home and often were not seen as equals to men. Therefore, the first lady’s duties at that time consisted of hosting social events and keeping the house inRead MoreLady Macbeth: Guilty or Innocent?1286 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare s play Macbeth; one of the leading roles is Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth, a warrior and cousin of King Duncan. As the play progresses and the plot thickens, Lady Macbeth changes. Her actions change, her words change, her personality changes, and her motivations change. Now the real question is; is Lady Macbeth guilty or innocent? Upon Lady Macbeth s first appearance in the play she is very affectionate towards her husband. She reads her letter of endearmentRead More The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteressRead MoreA First Lady Of The White House Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a First lady, let alone an extraordinary one? From the 18th century, originating with Martha Washington to the present time, Michelle Obama, 43 lovely ladies have embarked upon this role. The term first lady was originally used in reference to the spouse or hostess of an executive. However, there were times that the lack of a spouse, or representative existed. Therefore, the traditional role was transferred to an immediate family member. For example, during the Bill Clinton presidency, First Lady-Read MoreThe American Association Of Labor Legislation1013 Words   |  5 Pagesnation’s first attempt at providing universal health coverage to its citizens. The passage of Medicare and Medicaid laid the historical framework and context for the attempted passage of the Universal Health Care Act of 1993. During his election campaign in 1991 thru early 1992 President Clinton promised health care reform if he was to be elected. Upon election, President Clinton preceded to create a task force to devise a universal health care plan. In an unprecedented move he appointed First LadyRead MoreThe Gender Roles Of William Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Macbeth 989 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender roles in William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Macbeth are made clear from the very first act. Masculinity is associated with strength, bravery, ruthlessness and apathy while femininity is usually coupled with docility, fragility and reliance. Gender, and the behavior expected from each, is a constant motif that reappears throughout the play. The instances that appear in the play reveal that the characters are expected to act according to their gender and limit their emotions and the wayRead MoreRole-Reversal in Macbeth1315 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Macbeth first receives the prophecy predict ing he will be king and Banquos heirs will be kings, he is satisfied with the idea of being king. Banquos heirs do not concern him at this point. Once he assassinates Duncan and is crowned king, however, this isnt enough. Now he wants his heirs to be king. He asks himself, why should he have taken all this risk just to put Banquos heirs on the throne? Unsatisfied with just ruling himself, he plots to kill not only Banquo, but Fleance. HisRead MoreMacbeth Gender Roles Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men onRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt Was A Remarkable First Lady Who Forever1498 Words   |  6 PagesEleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable First Lady who forever changed the concept and role a First Lady plays. Giving radio addresses, writing her own newspaper column, being watched by the FBI, and being the nation’s longest serving First Lady are all part of what makes Eleanor Roosevelt a truly remarkable person. Eleanor took the role as first lady and completely revolutionized the expectations of a First Lady. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in 1884 into a very wealthy family. Her parents and

The Effects of Video Games on Children - 1288 Words

The Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games has instigated a debate among parents, re searchers, video game producers, and policymakers concerning potential harmful effects of video games on children.† Currently, in The Bahamas you can normally see laptops and gaming consoles at home, community†¦show more content†¦Games such as Kinect adventures or Wii sports are great for children because it encourages them to be active while spending time with family and friends. However, video games can have a negative impact on children. Several video games encourage children to kill and fight enemies. Violence is life threatening and is a devastating theme of many video games today. Violent games such as Grand theft auto, Halo and Doom promote things like killing and violence of people, criminal behavior, disrespect for the law, and obscene language. Parents can even buy game controllers that look like a real gun for their children and may not think that it’s a big deal. This is sending the message to children that it is ok to play with guns. David Walsh in an article â€Å"National Institute on Media and the Family† stated â€Å"Children are more likely to imitate the actions of a character with whom they identify. In violent video games the player is often required to take the point of view of the shooter or perpetrator.† Video games are making violence look cool toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Word s   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVide o Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Video Games We see it everywhere we go, video games. Kids and adults are being captivated over the new video games that are coming out. Call of Duty, Battlefield,Uncharted; these are the games that people are enjoying and becoming fascinated with. What do all of those things have in common? There is only one answer and that is violence. Fighting, shooting, killing, these are the things that video games bring to the table and stimulate people s minds. We should ask ourselves whether

Introduction . The Prevalence, Affects, And Types Of Stigma

Introduction The prevalence, affects, and types of stigma and stigmatization felt by American gang members is an under researched topic in the social sciences. While daily experiences in and social understanding of American culture illustrate that gang membership is a stigmatized identification the research to support that notion is sorely absent from the greater conversation on gangs, stigma, and violence in our communities. In an attempt to understand how stigma directly affects gang affiliated men this report attempts to analyze different elements that directly connect to these men in hopes of creating an understanding of the stigma that gang involved men feel. These topics are social stigma, a sense of belonging, and the influence of†¦show more content†¦The hypothesis states that belonging holds two foundational elements the first, there is a need for frequent, affectively pleasant interactions with a few other people and second these interactions must take place in th e context of a temporally stable and enduring framework of affective concern for each other s welfare (Baumeister Leary, 1996). Gangs commonly fulfill these two elements. Burnett states that a gangs, formation and maintenance are based on its members’ bared experience of estrangement from traditional social systems and on the security (emotional and physical) that membership provides(McMillan Chavis) (Burnett, 1999) . The gang s acceptance of the man and the subsequent sense of family satisfies the need for affectively pleasant interactions (McMillan Chavis, 1986), and the desire for protection (Regan) and the ability of gangs to provide such protection secures a man s sense that his welfare is a concern of those with whom he feels acceptance. As Baumsiester and Leary s article illustrates belonging is so necessary to personal happiness that those who experience social isolation are bared from experiencing high levels of happiness (Baumeister Leary). While gang membershi p might not provide happiness in the traditional sense they do quench the human need to belong. This need for acceptance and belonging is only further aggregated through unstable and dangerous Early ChildhoodShow MoreRelatedStigma Of Hiv And Aids918 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction With the recent passing of World AIDS day on December 1st, 2015, which followed Charlie Sheen’s recent disclosure of him being HIV-positive, revealed sad realties about society’s relations to HIV and AIDS. So it seems opportune that this paper shed some light on the issue of stigma in relation to HIV and AIDS. This paper supports the notions that although stigma around HIV status has come a long way since its inception as an infectious disease in the 1980s, HIV stigma has not yet comeRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health968 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in mental health system is deep rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mental illnessRead MorePrevalence Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Between Europe And North America1097 Words   |  5 PagesGH 456 Final Project Outline Gwendolyn Tjandra Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder between Europe and North America I. Introduction ( page) a. What is ADHD i. A disorder commonly diagnosed in children. ii. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – a condition with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (affects the way you focus). iii. A behavioral disorder that affects 1 in 20 children in the USA. iv. Those with ADHD differ in balance of â€Å"neurotransmitters†Read MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1095 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The stigma in the mental health system is deeply rooted and its origin goes back by centuries. The stigma is powerful that it has been codified in federal since last 50 years. But the realization that the stigma attached adversely affects mental health care system is still lacking. The discrimination against mental illness has invaded the systemic structure causing more worries to sufferers of mental illness and their families. While every individual and system is well aware of mentalRead MoreMaternal Depression On Child Wellbeing And Development1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction During the last two decades, researchers have intensified their efforts to expand the findings about paternal perinatal depression. The study conducted by Goodman in 2004, has shown that the postpartum depression’s prevalence among fathers varied from 1.2% to 25% in the population sample. Furthermore, these percentages rose to achieve 24 to 50 per cent when the paternal postpartum depression was associated with maternal postpartum depression. The literature review and studies assertedRead MoreThe Origins Of Schizophrenia, And Greek And Latin Texts Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction History. Some of the earliest evidence of schizophrenia were seen in the Bible, and Greek and Latin texts. In the Bible, people were accused of being demonically possessed or holy based on the visions they saw (if visions involved Jesus). In Greek mythology, individuals were said to be punished by the Gods of they had symptoms of schizophrenia. Between years 1450-1830 in Europe, and North and South America, people were accused of being witches; similarly, in France, people were thoughtRead MoreChapter II : Literature Review Essay2609 Words   |  11 PagesLiterature Review Introduction The transgender community faces many life challenges that the general population do not encounter. This challenges impact all aspects of the individual’s life, including social economic status, increase risk factors for HIV and other diseases, a decrease in health care access, etc†¦ These challenges deter the transgender community for accessing health care services at the same rate as the general population. The minority stress model helps examine the impact of stigma on the levelRead MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus and it causes the immune system to become weak. As a result, this causes the body to be terrible at protecting itself against diseases and other viruses. HIV causes damage by harming the immune cells in the body. The immune cells it affects are called CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, which are vital for fighting infections in the body. HIV metamorphose the CD4+T cells into little factories that cause the product ion of more of the virus to destroy other healthy cells, which eventually destroysRead MoreCounseling Adults With Eating Disorder1643 Words   |  7 Pages Counseling Adults with Eating disorder Merlene Lewis THE College of New Rochelle Professor Martinez Theory and counselling Introduction Objective: To describe eating patterns, eating behaviors, to highlight some of the problem people face when dealing with an illness or a disorder, adult struggle more from eating disorder. Some reason why it is more difficult is because of work, taking care of their house whole and family; this illness is a relentless pursuit of thinness, a misrepresentationRead MoreSociological Impact Of Obesity : The Individual, Economy, And The Condition Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pageshealthcare; â€Å"the medical costs of obesity in United States are high. In 2008 dollars, these costs were estimated to be $147 billion† (CDC, Overweight and Obesity Facts). Obesity also takes an emotional toll on the individual as well. There are certain stigmas that come from being obese. People with obesity are victims of negative and hateful actions every day. Research has revealed that, â€Å"individuals who experience weight stigmatization have higher rates of depression, anxiety, social isolation, an d poorer

Free Education in Europe Free Essays

HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Free Education in Europe Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Education in Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. o. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education. Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education. Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. We have several programs like PhD, Masters, Bachelors in various subjects like Arts, BioTech, Sciences, Commerce, Chemistry, Business, Design, IT, Management, Engineering, Biology, Computer Science, Physics, Earth Agriculture, Health Sciences etc. vailable in countries like Germany / Sweden/ Norway / Belgium / France etc. These programs are available for Free (No Tuition Fee) or at a very subsidized fee structure and the medium of instructions is English. The standard duration for all Master degree programs are 2 years, Bachelors are for 3 years. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : info@headstart . co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages available in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like: Schengen Visa Liberty to, move around almost entire Europe without Visa constraints. English Advantage All MNC’s working there or European MNC’s, working in English speaking countries always prefer employees who can speak English. Extended Visa You get a 1 year extension after completion of your studies to find employment. Employment Opportunities All these countries are prime business nations and facing negative population growth, so chances of getting employment after studies are even higher than US/ India/ Aus / Canada. Work Permit Secure an Employment immediately get a 3 yrs work permit. Safe Secure Most of these countries have a crime rate of almost zero. Prosperity These countries have almost 100% literacy as well as per capita income higher than even US. Credentials, ECTS Education Standards All the qualifications are world-wide recognized and acceptable. All European syllabuses are now based on ECTS (European Credit Transfer System). One can change Universities without losing credits. European standards are very high and their integration of Education with practical application are very advantageous. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages available in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like: Development Most of these countries are technologically very advanced and their infrastructures are better than the best. Living Indian students can find it cheaper than US/ Canada/ UK if they stay in groups prepare own food. Part time work At most places part time work is allowed up to 20 hrs/ week. Permanent Settlement Settlement options are possible at most European Countries after completion of a certain period on Work Permit. No SAT/ GRE / GMAT SAT / GRE/ GMAT are not required for most of the programs. Although, IELTS or TOEFL is desired for most of the English programs. Language – Drawback or another Advantage? Almost every country in Europe has it’s own language, which takes some time to understand. One can take this as an opportunity to learn a new language. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Living Expenses An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Indian students who live in groups and prepare their own food can survive in Euro 300 to Euro 500 per month. Students who live independently may have to spend Euro 500 to Euro 750 per month. Why Study in Sweden / Germany? No Tuition Fees for most courses. Now many courses are available in English. Internship opportunities are available in Multi National Companies. All courses are recognized worldwide including India. Flexible approaches to studies. Schenegen visa opens the doors for all European countries. Great opportunity to save money. No Visa Hassles. Visa Conditions are relatively very easy. Very low living expenses (approx. 300 Euro/ month) Part Time Jobs are available. (up to 20 hrs. / week) Good career prospects, ample placement opportunities. Hundreds of course options available. Ph. D. opportunities are available after PG. All Universities in German, Sweden, Finland, France, Belgium, Norway are almost equally ranked the courses have recognition worldwide. Fields of study †¢Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Aeronautical, Automobile many more) †¢MBA (Finance, International Business, European Asian Bus. Mgmt, Supply Chain Mgmt. ) †¢Public Health, Medical Engineering, Medicine †¢Environmental Science, Bio Technology †¢Economics, Law †¢Natural Sciences †¢Social Cultural Studies, Psychology †¢Agricultural Forestry, Regional Planning Note : MBA some other programs are normally paid programs or available in German Language. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Entry requirements for admission Minimum First Division Marks English Proficiency: TOEFL (213) or IELTS (6. 0) Language Proficiency for Undergraduate Programs First come first serve basis Documents requirement for application (10 sets) Updated Resume Photographs (10 nos. ) Transcripts (Final year) Mark sheets (10th onwards) An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Letter of recommendations (2/3) Certificates / Diploma / Degree (10th onwards) -Original-sealed stamped -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -On letterhead (Original-sealed TOEFL / GRE / GMAT Score cards (if available) Other Academic Photocopies (if any) Final year Project summary (for Engineers) Work Experience Certificates (if any) Monthly Living Expenses Food Accommodation Health Insurance Transport etc. Total monthly expenses Earning Potential Work allowed Minimum per hour wages Loans – stamped by individual faculty/ employer) -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -Computer Printout -Notarized Photocopies 00 Euros / month 150 Euros / month (sharing basis) 50 Euros / month 50 Euros / month 400 Euros approx. 20 hrs / week 6 –8 euros Can be availed from nationalized banks @ 10. 75% to 12. 00% p. a. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified O rganization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Highlights Students can travel in and around the European Union on the Schengen Visa. Students can stay for 1 year (or 2 years) after their course of study to find work. European Union’s new policy encourages Indian manpower for Immigration. Education standards are at par with World’s best education standards. European Institutions funds all prospective research scholars. HeadStart – Germany / Sweden / Belgium / Norway – Education Package 1. Counseling for Course Selection 2. Professional Counseling for Future prospects 3. Application to Universities (3 to 10) 4. Document arrangement for Application 5. Guidance for preparing SOP, Resume, LOR 6. Visa File Preparation, Assistance Guidance 7. Assistance to avail Study Loan, Medical Insurance, International Bank A/c. Air Ticket, Foreign Currency 8. Post Landing Services (Subject to availability) 9. IELTS/ TOEFL Coaching Program* 10. GRE/ GMAT Training Program* 11. German/ Swedish/ Italian/ French Language Training* Under Graduate Programs Under Graduate Programs (English Medium) Under Graduate Programs (Medical) Master’s / Diploma Programs MBA / Masters (English Medium ) Programs Ph. D. Programs :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) * We charge Euro 1000 as Advance payment for all programs. Training / Coaching Fees not included. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. FAQ on Education in Germany / Europe – General †¢ What are the different types of Universities in Europe? For studying in Europe can choose between universities and universitystatus institutions, such as the technical universities, or the Fachhochschule institutions, or the colleges of art, music and film. All state-maintained higher education institutions are open to students of all nations. Which European Universities are Reputed? Its a difficult to answer this question, there is no specific ranking system. Some magazines like Spiegel in Germany publish university ratings every year, the other one I know is from HUMBOLDT. †¢ When is the deadline for applying? There are two semesters Winter Summer. So, depending on the University the session either in winter or summer. Hence plan to apply before one year of your desired starting time. †¢ How much is the Tuition fee? Until now there was no tuition fee in Germany/ Sweden / Norway/ Belgium/ Finland, now government and universities have decided to collect tuitions fees (some Universities still have no tuition fees at all) varying from 500 Euros till 2500 Euros per semester depending on course, university etc. So please check respective universities for complete information. Normally, Under Graduate English medium programs carry a tuition fee ranging between Euro 2000 to Euro 12000 p. a. †¢ Do I need TOEFL or GRE Score? Usually not, but some universities may ask TOEFL/ IELTS for English competence. However, GMAT / GRE are generally not required. What is the medium of Instruction? It can be in English or in German. Mostly, undergraduate programs are in German Language. But at PG level, most programs are now available in English. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. †¢ Do I need German / Swedish / French language? If not for education (depending on whether medium of instruction is in Regional Language or English) for social life I believe one should definitely learn basic Regional language. †¢ Where do I learn German / French / Swedish language? It is always advisable to study German Language in Germany as it is easier and faster to grasp the language there. HeadStart arranges language training (paid) to all students. †¢ How much is the living expenses? Depending on the city the costs vary though on an average 400-500 Euros per month should be sufficient. 200 – 250 Euros House Rent + 60 Euros Insurance + 100 Euros Food + 50 Misc. ). The figures given are rough estimate it can vary depending on the city / person etc. †¢ Can I work as a Student? Yes, up to 18 /20 hours per week, and up to 2 months full time Including doing 3 months full time job as a student per year. But one needs to get work permit for working as a student. Part time student job fetches about 8 to 10 Euro per hour. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : study@headstart. co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart How to cite Free Education in Europe, Essay examples

Sample Essay on Chinese Business Structure

Question- Discuss the unique characteristics of the Chinese business structure? INTRODUCTION Porter in the 2008 defines strategy as the development of valuable and unique position that involves various activities. After 2001, when China joined the World Trade Organization, the business environment of China had changed drastically. It has reduced the international market entry barriers which further have helped to improve the business operations of the Chinese MNCs in the international market. The CEO of Haier Group Zhang Ruimin said that is any organization wants to address the challenges of the multinational companies of international market then it is very important to become a multinational company yourself first. He further says that the in order to dance with the wolves its important to become a wolf first otherwise there is chance of getting eaten up. The Chinese business is becoming dynamic in nature. It is experiencing changes both economically and politically. Economically they are changing due to the rules implemented by WTO (World Trade Organization). Politically it is experiencing transition due to development and implementation of economic and social policies and the leaders power which is helping in restructuring the leadership structure in the Chinese MNC s(Xiaomei 2009). This essay will analyze the unique characteristics of the Chinese MNCs that prove them to be successful in the competitive market. The purpose of the essay will be met by understanding the characteristics that Lenovo and Haier Group follow to be successful Chinese MNCs. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA From past 30 years the country China is changing drastically. The social life and the economic market of China had undergone various transformations since 1978. The country has accomplished various changes in short time unlike other countries of the world. They are also focusing on the strategies that can be learnt and implemented from other countries to develop the country. Constant prior to China opened up to the world, the government started emphasizing to plan their arrival to the center of economy of the world. The government realized that the world is changing drastically and thus the Chinese business need to take immediate steps to avoid some mistakes. Thus the State has started developing and implementing various policies and reforms to support advancement for people and the enterprise by monitoring on their outward and inward investments. The PEST analysis will help to understand the changes that the Chinese Market is undergoing and also help to comprehend the strategies that Lenovo and Haier Group is implementing to be the successful giants in China. PEST ANALYSIS Politics Since the year 1983, China started forming strong bonds with other nations of the world so that they can contribute in the modernization process of China. They focused on seeking support from the developed countries that could give access to the loans and also the financial institutions of the international market and also FDI (Foreign direct investment). They also emphasized on education training, business trade, technology, science and management. Since 1998 the country had experienced a happy and stable period by building strong relationships. Even after facing the financial crisis in the year 2008, China is developing a nationalistic pride through the success of economy even with the struggle of Western countries. The country, China is focusing on the development and growth by building strong relationships (Shambaugh 2013, pp. 47-52). Economic In the year 1971, the moment Mao Zedong started opening China, he immediately took interest in having greater access to the economic assistance and western technology (Afe.easia.columbia.edu 2014). Since the year 1977-2000, the overall trade of China has increased from USD$20billion-USD$475billion (Focusweb.org 2014). The FDI of China had also increased by USD$10billion in the year 1992. In the year 1993, through the support of FDI, the production volume of China has increased, there is an improvement in the efficiency of the productivity, increase in the use o upgraded technology and also high range of manufactured goods. After China joined the WTO their aggregate exchange expanded at a much more great velocity. They surpassed one nation after the other in positioning until they at long last surpassed Germany in 2009 to turn into the second biggest exchanging economy on the planet. They had an aggregate exchange of USD$ 2,208 billion (Das 2012). Social Hofstede analyzes culture under five dimensions: short or long term orientation, collectivism Vs individualism, power distance, feminine Vs Masculine, uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede 2010). The power distance cultural score of China is high as the Chinese people have a tendency to acknowledge disparities in the society and go behind a leader with moderately little protest. The impact of Confucius on Chinese society further produces a long term introduction and Chinese individuals are along these lines additionally tolerating to extra assets and contribute towards a long-term objective. Chinese society is additionally more manly than ladylike. This implies that they are more achievement situated and determined to the degree that they will yield their recreation time and family time for their work. Moreover, the way of Chinese individuals is that they are collectivistic and therefore act in light of a legitimate concern for the gathering, and not just themselves. Thus, the group, wheth er it be colleagues, community or family, is more vital than the association then again initiate. At last, Chinese society scores low on vulnerability shirking, which implies that they can endure the obscure and adjust to changes genuinely simple (Geert-hofstede.com 2014). Technological Innovation through Research and Development in China is the most carried process to increase the FDI of China. The Chinese business is focusing on joint ventures with the Western companies to improve innovation and also technology. Around 50 MNCs like Intel, Microsoft, IBM etc has their RD centers in China which emphasize on utilizing the skills of local talents for innovating and developing latest technologies. Even large MNCs like Lenovo, Huawei and Haier have established R D centers in western countries to take advantage from their technological advancements, research capability and knowledge in developing their products (Liu and White 2001). UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE BUSINESS Chinese MNCs, classified as technology based and expertise peculiarities, access to home nation assets, and gimmicks of cultural closeness. Chinese MNCs may have a specific mastery in overseeing huge, complex markets, for example, infrastructures projects in telecom industry. Also, multinational undertakings with a Western foundation have a tendency to be accomplished in working in steady markets with transparent regulation and feeble government impact. As opposed to that, Chinese firms are likely more equipped for managing troublesome regulation and exploring around murky political obligations, given their more prominent involvement with such institutional gimmicks. Such encounters may put Chinese firms questionable in a finer position than numerous other non-Chinese firms (Morck, Yeung and Zhao 2008). Chinese MNCs have basically market seeking, technology seeking, strategic asset seeking, diversification seeking, resource seeking. Chinese MNCs are to this degree some piece of worldwide business endeavors. The customary hypothesis on multinational endeavors offers profitable instruments to break down their exercises. On the other hand, the specific Chinese attributes in this procedure are eye-getting and make the rise of Chinese MNCs an exceptional sensation. It is getting to be progressively evident that the most paramount contrasts in the middle of Chinese and Western MNCs going global are not found in their inspirations yet in the uncommon qualities of their nation of origin as far as assets and the Chinese institutional and social connection. In advancing years, we will see whether these distinctions constitute a transitory feature of Chinese firms until they can completely contend globally or whether the hypothesis of multinational endeavors must adjust to consider these quali ties as continuous components of multinational undertakings' inspirations and systems (Andersson and Wang 2011). Home market qualities likewise assume an imperative part for Chinese organizations. In a more extensive viewpoint, all far reaching government impedance with the exercises of firms may be seen as a component of home nation exercises. In China, for instance, organizations that have been assigned as "national champions" will get the legislature help important to beat their late-nearing drawback universally. This can incorporate monetary help and political impedance. At last, social closeness in a more extensive sense constitutes a clarification for interests in different socially proximate locales, be it genuine, physical nearness or saw vicinity because of a comparable society. These variables may take the capacity of an entryway opener and catalyser for business improvement (Gugler 2014). CHINESE GIANTS AND THEIR BUSIESS STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS The companies chosen to understand the unique characteristics of Chinese business further are Lenovo and Haier. Both the MNCs are China based companies in high-tech industry which stanch from the state owned enterprises and then transformed into private enterprise. Through their clever management and expertise they are able to manage the highest position in China. Both the companies have strong foundation in the Chinese market and easily fight with their international competitors. They do this by investing more on their research and development, building effective human resource to meet the expectations of the customers and also strong technological base. Due to their innovative strategies the companies are able to achieve the needs of the customers and also develop their brand in China. Lenovo Business strategy Initially Lenovo was known as Legend. In 2003, they changed the name by introducing go-global policy. Thus they decided to keep the Le as it is and change gend with Novo which means new. Initially in 1990s Lenovo never had competitors as they there was not much demand of PCs. The moment government permitted the PC manufacturers to compete and the global manufacturers to dominate the market of China, Lenovo started focusing on the production of PCs rather than diversifying their product line according to the need of the customers. The moment Lenovo received their license they started focusing on the utilizing the latest technology to produce their product, this was one of the unique strategy that Lenovo utilized to sell their products in the Chinese Market. Thus they began producing the products based on the need of the Chinese customers. For instance, they pioneered Language Solution to PCs in Chinese. They immediately developed the image as TechnologyIntense producer. Apart from thi s, since the international brands paid less attention towards the differentiation of product in China, Lenovo emphasized on various market segment starting from large enterprises to small businesses and also individual customers. Even Lenovo focused on their pricing strategy, the prices of their PCs were 2/3rd lower of their international competitors. In the year 2004, Lenovo acquired IBM as they had already reached 30% of market share in China. Acquiring IBM would have helped the organization to grow further and improve their ability by seeking new market and needs. Later on when they recognized that they lacked in their recognition of brand, they decided to follow to paths one is make new strategies and grow by themselves and the other was by using acquisition process. To generate growth Lenovo also focused on commercial clients instead of consumer clients. In China the organization is well known for operational efficiency and also cost control. They started producing IT services and also mobile phones to meet the need of their customers. Management style The corporate culture of Lenovo focuses on The Lenovo Way, which means that the work that is done in the organization focuses on 5Ps like pioneering, planning, performing, practicing and prioritizing. Lenovo develops on the ownership with the capability for efforts to be rewarded and recognized. The ownership culture in the organization causes the employees to be committed towards the goals of the organization and also strengthen the teams in the organization to perform better. Lenovo also focused on providing various opportunities and also career paths to retain the talented employees. The organization also introduced the bonus program which also enables the employees to be committed towards the organization. Lenovo management also introduced the College Graduate Programme to develop the leaders of the organization and also changes their language to English so that all the employees can easily understand and contribute towards the success of the organization. Lastly, the diverse wor kforce has made the organization uniquely polycentric. R D Innovation Since Lenovo began their story as a twist off of a research foundation, their prosperity is an impact of effective utilization of RD and advancement. Amid the 1980s, they were focused on delivering motherboards and extra cuts to reinforce their capacity even before they were permitted. Amid their improvement on the Chinese advertise in the 1990s, they were focused on delivering imaginative answers for the Chinese client. They put RMB 1.8 billion in latest technologies in 2000 that check the start of new inventive abilities. They have 8 research centers in China, 3 in Beijing and 1 in Japan. Their global vicinity makes them equipped for rapidly react to different business sector and behavior of the consumer changes (Xie and White 2004). Haier Business Strategies Haier mainly produces white products like wine coolers, washing machines, air conditioners and refrigerators. The main strategic choice of Haier is to gain the trust of the employees by investing on their comfort level an also salaries. To emphasize on the quality of the products Haier produces, the organization partnered with the refrigerator producer of Germany Liebherr in the year 1985. This helped them to learn about the structure, control and quality process. Through their brand name they were not only gaining the trust of the local market consumers but also the international market. Another unique strategy that led to the success of Haier Group is the implementation of the effective quality management system to give the market a quality based product (khg.edu.vn 2012). Haier, then again, chose to practice on fridges furthermore executed quality administration to guarantee high caliber on every item. They went for the top further bolstering accomplish good fortune over rivalry. Thusly, they likewise actualized models in administration, ability maintenance and corporate society. Strict quality regulations evidentially raised the quality standard of the items and subsequently the brand. Subsequently, they picked up the client's trust and had the capacity assemble their prosperity on that (Haier.net 2014). Haier group emphasized on two different business strategies one is generic strategies which is a continuum among the focused differentiation and differentiation instead of low price. Thus the organization has been focusing on developing innovative support systems that support both market and brand. Another strategy is the product-market strategy where the organization divided the strategy in three different phases one is the brand strategy where the organization focused on building strong reputation and credibility, then the diversification strategy which is all about developing unique products based on the need of the Chinese market which helped them to set up a strong brand image and lastly the unrelated diversification strategy which helped the organization to diversify in various other non-related industries like finance, IT, mobile, pharmaceutical etc (Muzi and Wong 2014). Management Style The corporate culture of Haier focuses on Clear, Control, Everyone and Overall which ensures that all the employees of the organization takes part in meet the daily targets of the organization. The CEO of Haiers Zhang Ruimin emphasized on interaction more with the production worker, showed gratitude by giving gifts and also investing on their facilities. This management style helped to build up trusts, loyalty and also respect towards the company and also leader. This strategy helped Haier to meet the needs of the customers easily and also focus on continual improvement. Even the encouragement to participate in the business process helps the organization to take the responsibility to make effective organizational profits and also allows everyone in the organization to innovate variety of products to meet the market demand. These values of Haier not only help to retain the talented employees but also help them to develop their future path (Ruimin 2014). RD Innovation Haier contributes somewhere around 3%-5% of its income on innovative work. Their systems are to ceaselessly ponder criticism and co-creation together with their clients. They have confidence in a company's capacity to adjust to changes in the business sector. Subsequently, the organization has diminished the development time of new products from 6-12 months to 17 hours to 3 months. This implies that they can be significantly more responsive towards business sector changes. In the event that they constantly utilize the client's recommendation they can likewise contend with their rivals through separation and wide item run. By including all workers currently item advancement implies that Haier can get data and input from different parts of the organization (Lin 2005). CONCLUSION In conclusion, after going through the secondary data from various academic journals, websites and books, the essay can be concluded by saying that the success story of Chinese MNCs lies in their innovative strategies. They offer benefits to their customers by effective partnership process with the western companies, investing in research and development and also utilizing the upgraded technology. It is observed that both the companies Haier and Lenovo are successful giants in the Chinese market due to their goal-oriented and technology differentiation. Even the support of the government which helped the Chinese firm to reduce the international entry barriers through the use of joint ventures has helped the organizations to grow in this competitive market effectively. However the organizations, Lenovo and Haier grew due to their effective management style. The management styles helped both the organization to understand the needs of the domestic and international customers and fulfil l their needs. REFERENCES Afe.easia.columbia.edu,. 2014. 'China's Foreign Policy: The Historical Legacy And The Current Challenge | Asia For Educators | Columbia University'. Andersson, Rebecka, and Jennie Wang. 2011. 'The Internationalization Process Of Chinese Mncs A Study Of The Motive For Chinese Firms To Enter Developed Countries'. Gupea.Ub.Gu.Se. Das, D.K. 2012. 'The Chinese Economy: A Rationalized Account Of Its Transition And Growth'. The Chinese Economy 45 (4): 7. Focusweb.org,. 2014. 'Can The Green Economy Solve ChinaS Development And Environment Challenges?'. Geert-hofstede.com,. 2014. 'China - Geert Hofstede'. Gugler, Philippe. 2014. 'How Are Chinese Multinational Enterprises Different? | VOX, CEPRS Policy Portal'. Voxeu.Org. Haier.net,. 2014. 'Strategy | About Haier | Haier Group'. Hofstede, Geert. 2010. 'Geert Hofstede'. National Cultural Dimensions. khg.edu.vn,. 2012. 'Haier Startegies'. Lin, Thomas W. 2005. 'OEC Management-Control System: Helps China Haier Group Achieve Competitive Advantage'. Msbfile03.Usc.Edu. Liu, X., and S. White. 2001. 'Comparing Innovation Systems: A Framework And Application To ChinaS Transnational Context'. Research Policy 30 (7): 1091-1114. Morck, Randall, Bernard Yeung, and Minyuan Zhao. 2008. 'Perspectives On China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment'. Journal Of International Business Studies 39 (3): 337--350. Muzi, HE, and KC Wong. 2014. 'An Analytical Study On Strategic Management Of Haier.'. Journal Of Contemporary Management 3 (2). Porter, Michael E. 2008. 'The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy'. Harvard Business Review 86 (1): 25--40. Ruimin, Zhang. 2014. 'Raising Haier'. Harvard Business Review. Shambaugh, David L. 2013. China Goes Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Xiaomei, E. 2009. 'China's WTO Accession And Sustainable Development: Challenges And Policy Responses'. Journal Of World Trade 43 (3): 541. Xie, Wei, and Steven White. 2004. 'Sequential Learning In A Chinese Spin-Off: The Case Of Lenovo Group Limited'. RD Management 34 (4): 407--422.